Abrasion marks are scratches or damage on the emulsion surface of photographic film, caused by physical contact during handling or processing. They can occur when dirt or dust becomes trapped between layers of film as it is wound onto the spool, or from grit on the camera's pressure plate. Abrasion marks can affect image quality, leaving visible lines, streaks, or loss of detail, especially in high-resolution or fine-grain film. Photographers and film processors take care to handle film carefully, clean equipment, and use proper storage techniques to minimize the risk of abrasion marks.