A comprehensive guide to photographic terminology, covering everything from common phrases to more advanced jargon, abbreviations, and acronyms, from aberration through to zoom lenses. This glossary is designed to help photographers of all levels better understand the language of photography and confidently navigate both technical and creative discussions.
Photography has a rich history spanning nearly two centuries, and with it comes an ever-growing vocabulary. From the markings found on lenses to specialised lighting equipment and techniques, this A to Z glossary explains the meaning behind essential terms.
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A3 is a standard paper size commonly used in photography, printing, and graphic design, measuring 11... read more
A4 is a widely used standard paper size measuring 8.27 inches by 11.69 inches (210 x 297 mm), common... read more
A5 is a standard paper size measuring 5.83 inches by 8.27 inches (148 x 210 mm), commonly used for s... read more
Abbe number indicates how much a transparent material, such as optical glass or lens elements, dispe... read more
Aberration is an optical issue in camera lenses that causes distortions or errors in how a subject a... read more
Abort refers to stopping a program or process while it is running. In photography software, image ed... read more
Abrasion marks are scratches or damage on the emulsion surface of photographic film, caused by physi... read more
Absolute released images are photographs for which fully signed model or property releases have been... read more
Absolute temperature refers to the theoretical temperature at which all molecular motion stops, also... read more
Absorption is the process by which light striking a surface is partially absorbed, with some of its ... read more
Abstract photography refers to images that emphasize patterns, shapes, colors, or textures rather th... read more
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a type of expansion slot on a computer motherboard, originally de... read more
Accelerator is a chemical component used in photographic film and paper developers, often called an ... read more
Acceptable Circle of Confusion
Acceptable Circle of Confusion refers to the largest size of a point on an image that the human eye ... read more
Acceptance angle is the maximum angle at which light can enter an optical system, such as a camera l... read more
Accessory shoe is a plastic or metal mount on the top of a camera designed to hold various photograp... read more
Acetate base is a non-flammable material used as the support for photographic film emulsions, replac... read more
Acetic Acid is a chemical commonly used in photographic darkroom processes, such as in stop baths or... read more
Acetone is a powerful solvent used in photographic and darkroom processing to dissolve substances th... read more
Achromatic refers to a lens or lens system that has been specifically designed to correct for chroma... read more
Acid fixing solutions are photographic chemicals that contain an acid to neutralize any remaining al... read more
Acid hardener is a chemical additive used in acid fixing solutions to strengthen and harden the gela... read more
Acid rinse is a mild acidic solution applied to photographic film or paper immediately after develop... read more
Actinic describes light that has the ability to cause chemical or physical changes in a material, pa... read more
Actinometer is an early photographic device used to measure the intensity of light and calculate the... read more
Active autofocus is a camera focusing system that uses an infrared or similar beam to measure the di... read more
Acuity is a photographic term used to describe the perceived visual sharpness and clarity of an imag... read more
Acutance is a measure of the perceived sharpness of an image, describing how quickly tonal transitio... read more
Adaptor ring is a camera lens accessory that screws onto the filter thread of a lens, allowing photo... read more
Additive colour printing is a photographic and printing process that combines varying intensities of... read more
Additive synthesis is a method of creating full-color images by combining light of the three primary... read more
Advanced Photographic System (APS)
Advanced Photographic System (APS) was a 35mm film format introduced in 1996 by companies including ... read more
AE Automatic exposure metering
AE (Automatic Exposure) metering is a camera feature where the camera measures the amount of light i... read more
AE lock (AE-L) is a camera feature, usually activated via a button or lever, that locks the automati... read more
Aerial perspective is the visual effect of distance or depth in a photograph caused by atmospheric h... read more
AF illuminator is a feature on many cameras that projects an infrared or bright light beam onto the ... read more
AF lock (AF-L) is a camera feature that allows you to lock focus on a predetermined point, ensuring ... read more
AF sensor is the component in a camera that detects focus by measuring contrast, phase difference, o... read more
Afocal lens is a type of lens attachment that modifies the effective focal length of a camera lens w... read more
Aftertreatment refers to the processes applied to photographic negatives or prints after initial dev... read more
Agitation is a technique used during photographic processing to ensure that fresh chemical solution ... read more
Air bells are bubbles of air that cling to the surface of photographic film or paper emulsion during... read more
Air brushing is a photographic retouching technique in which dye or pigment is sprayed under control... read more
Albert effect is a photographic process that produces a reversed or positive image from an initially... read more
Albumen paper is a photographic printing paper invented by Blanquart-Evrard in the mid-19th century,... read more
Alcohol thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature, commonly employed in photographic ... read more
Aliasing is a digital imaging effect that occurs when an image is composed of square pixels and the ... read more
Alkalinity refers to the degree of alkali present in a solution, commonly measured using the pH scal... read more
Allegory in photography refers to a work of art that represents one subject through the guise of ano... read more
Alum is a common chemical used in photographic processing, particularly in acid hardening fixing bat... read more
Aluminum compounds are a group of chemicals commonly used in photographic processing as hardening ag... read more
Ambient light refers to the natural or existing light in a scene that is not created or modified by ... read more
Ambient light reading is the measurement of the existing light in a scene, such as sunlight, dayligh... read more
Ambient metering range refers to the range of light levels, usually expressed in exposure values (EV... read more
Ambrotype is a mid-19th century photographic process introduced in 1851–1852 by Frederick Scott Arch... read more
American Standards Association (ASA)
American Standards Association (ASA) was a scale used to indicate the light sensitivity, or speed, o... read more
Amidol is a water-soluble chemical reducing agent used in photographic development, particularly in ... read more
Ammonium chloride is a chemical commonly used in photographic toners and bleachers to modify or enha... read more
Ammonium persulfate is a chemical commonly used as an oxidizing agent in photographic super proporti... read more
Ammonium sulfide is a pungent but essential chemical used in photographic sulfide and sepia toning p... read more
Ammonium thiosulfate is a highly active chemical used as a rapid fixing agent in photographic proces... read more
Amphitype is a mid-19th century photographic process, introduced in 1851–1852 by Frederick Scott Arc... read more
Anaglyph refers to a stereoscopic photography and imaging technique in which two overlapping images,... read more
A photographic tool, chart, grid, or electronic instrument used to determine the correct colour filt... read more
An optical lens design that produces different image magnification in the horizontal and vertical pl... read more
A compound camera lens designed to correct the optical aberration known as astigmatism, which can ca... read more
The angle formed between a light ray striking a surface and an imaginary line called the "normal," w... read more
The extent of a scene that a camera lens can capture, usually measured in degrees. Angle of view var... read more
A unit of measurement used to specify wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum, particularly ... read more
The angle subtended at the lens by the diameter of the largest circle within which the lens produces... read more
A dehydrated form of a chemical that contains no water molecules. Because it is more concentrated th... read more
A speed rating system for photographic films and materials developed by the American National Standa... read more
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
A numerical rating system used to indicate the light sensitivity of photographic printing paper. Thi... read more
A fogging agent or additive in photographic developers that helps prevent or reduce unwanted fog on ... read more
A special dye applied to the back of most photographic films that absorbs light passing through the ... read more
An alternate term for a camera cable release, a mechanical or electronic device that allows photogra... read more
Photographic plates treated with dyes that reduce sensitivity to blue light. When used without addit... read more
A round or adjustable opening in a camera lens that controls the amount of light reaching the film o... read more
A semi-automatic camera mode where the photographer manually selects the aperture, and the camera au... read more
A ring located on the outside of a camera lens, typically behind the focusing ring, that is mechanic... read more
A photographic lens designed to correct for spherical aberration, ensuring that light rays from a po... read more
A lens design that brings all colours of the visible spectrum into a common plane of focus with mini... read more
A lens that has been corrected for chromatic aberration in all three primary colours-red, green, and... read more
A lens design or optical treatment that reduces diffraction fringes and softens the edges around bri... read more
A consumer photography system developed in the mid-1990s by Kodak, Canon, Fuji, Minolta, and Nikon. ... read more
A photographic and printmaking technique used to create images with controlled tonal areas, allowing... read more
A photographic light source that produces intense illumination by creating an electrical arc between... read more
Archival permanence treatments
A range of chemical and processing treatments applied to photographic prints, papers, or films to en... read more
A mid-19th century photographic printing process that uses silver salts to produce images on paper. ... read more
An early commercial photographic printing process that used collodion chloride or gelatin chloride p... read more
A type of synthetic light designed to closely match the colour temperature and spectral qualities of... read more
Any light source that does not come from natural sources such as the sun. Examples include arc lamps... read more
A type of colour photographic film specifically designed to produce accurate colour reproduction und... read more
A standardized system for rating the sensitivity of photographic films and materials to light, creat... read more
A type of computer file that contains plain text and can be opened and read by standard text editors... read more
Active Server Pages (ASP) is a web technology that allows the creation of dynamic and interactive we... read more
The proportional relationship between the width and height of a photographic image or print. It defi... read more
A lens with a curved surface that is not part of a simple sphere. Unlike traditional spherical lense... read more
A lens surface that has more than one radius of curvature, meaning it does not form part of a perfec... read more
A colour printing technique that combines separate images captured or recorded on yellow, magenta, a... read more
A specific photography job undertaken for a defined client, with agreed-upon objectives, requirement... read more
A lens aberration in which a single point of light cannot be focused as a true point, causing the im... read more
In photography and imaging equipment, ATA refers to cameras or devices that support the AT Attachmen... read more
Another term for aerial perspective, referring to the visual effect where distant objects appear lig... read more
Resources that combine visual and audio elements to convey information or tell a story. Examples inc... read more
A camera feature that automatically takes multiple shots of the same scene with different exposure s... read more
A basic automatic image correction feature commonly found in scanning and image-processing software.... read more
An early commercial colour photography process, introduced by the Lumière brothers in 1907, which ap... read more
A system used in cameras, projectors, and enlargers that automatically adjusts the lens to bring the... read more
A lens mechanism that keeps the aperture wide open for maximum brightness while composing and focusi... read more
A camera system that automatically sets the correct exposure by using a photoelectric sensor (light ... read more
A lens diaphragm that is controlled automatically by a mechanism in the camera body, often linked to... read more
A lens designed to stay at its maximum (full) aperture regardless of the working aperture set by the... read more
A camera feature or accessory that automatically advances the film to the next frame each time the s... read more
Short for audiovisual, referring to resources that combine visual and audio elements to convey infor... read more
A term used to describe photography that relies solely on the existing natural or artificial light i... read more
Audio Video Interleave (AVI) is a standard multimedia container format developed by Microsoft for st... read more
A lighting technique in which light is directed toward the subject from a position close to or along... read more
Synthetic dyes widely used in photographic toners, inks, and printing, known for producing vivid, in... read more
An APS-C sensor is a type of digital camera sensor that is smaller than a full-frame sensor, typical... read more
A/D Converter (Analogue-to-Digital Converter) is a crucial component in digital cameras and scanners... read more
Advertising photography is designed to promote products, services, or ideas through visually compell... read more
Astrophotography focuses on capturing celestial bodies such as stars, planets, galaxies, and nebulae... read more
Aerial or drone photography captures images from elevated perspectives, offering unique views of lan... read more
Abstract photography emphasizes shapes, colors, patterns, and textures rather than recognizable subj... read more
Architectural photography focuses on capturing buildings, structures, and interior spaces with an em... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Bokeh AI refers to the use of artificial intelligence to simulate, enhance, or generate the aestheti... read more
Body Editor AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to modify or enhance body shapes and prop... read more
Blemish Remover AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to detect and eliminate skin imperfec... read more
Background Blur AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to selectively blur the background of... read more
Background Replacer AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically detect and repla... read more
Background Remover AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically detect and remove... read more
B&W Photo Colorization AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to add realistic color to blac... read more
A digital image format in which each pixel can represent only two colours, typically black or white.... read more
A digital image format where each pixel is represented by 24 bits, typically divided into 8 bits eac... read more
A digital image format that extends 24-bit colour by adding an alpha channel for transparency. Each ... read more
A digital image format where each pixel is represented by 4 bits, allowing for 16 possible colours. ... read more
Refers to the image resolution of 6144 x 4096 pixels, which is the maximum size available on a Pro P... read more
A digital image format in which each pixel is represented by 8 bits, allowing for 256 possible colou... read more
A camera mode, indicated by the ‘B' icon on the shutter dial, that keeps the shutter open for as lon... read more
The distance between the rear surface of a lens and the image plane (film or sensor) when the lens i... read more
Lighting that comes from behind the subject, directed toward the camera. Also called backlit, this t... read more
A camera setting designed to compensate for strong backlighting, where the subject might otherwise a... read more
Information automatically printed on the back of a photograph by the processing laboratory. In the A... read more
A projection technique in which the projector is positioned behind an opaque or translucent screen, ... read more
The area or scenery located behind the main subject in a photograph, painting, or other visual compo... read more
Refers to the density or darkness of the areas of a photographic negative or print that contain no i... read more
A dim or colored layer applied to the back of photographic film-or occasionally placed between the e... read more
A camera feature that overrides the standard auto-exposure setting to increase exposure by one to tw... read more
A type of short, flexible, bag-shaped bellows used on large-format cameras, typically in place of st... read more
In visual composition, balance refers to the harmonious arrangement of elements-such as colours, lig... read more
A ball and socket mount is a versatile rotating mechanism used to connect a camera to a tripod or su... read more
Ballistic photography is the specialised practice of photographing weapons, ammunition, and projecti... read more
In photography and digital imaging, bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted o... read more
Barium sulfate is a chemical compound used in the production of photographic printing paper. It help... read more
Barndoors are adjustable metal flaps attached to the front of studio lights, including spotlights an... read more
Barrel distortion is a type of lens aberration where straight lines near the edges of an image appea... read more
Baryta paper is a type of photographic printing paper coated with barium sulfate as a foundational l... read more
In photography, the base refers to the support material for photographic emulsions, providing struct... read more
Base exposure time is the initial exposure duration used when making a "straight" photographic print... read more
A baseboard camera is a type of medium or large format camera featuring a fold-out baseboard that su... read more
Batch numbers are sets of numbers printed on packages of photographic materials, such as film, paper... read more
A bayonet lens mount is a common method of attaching a camera lens to a camera body. The lens is ins... read more
Beach or snow scene mode is an automatic camera setting designed to handle bright, high-reflective e... read more
beam splitter is an optical device, typically composed of mirrors or prisms, that partially reflects... read more
Belitski's reducer is a chemical solution used to reduce the density of photographic negatives. It t... read more
Bellows are light-tight, expandable sleeves that are fixed between a camera's lens and film plane or... read more
A bellows shutter is a traditional type of camera shutter that consists of a pair of expandable bell... read more
A between-the-lens shutter, also known as a leaf shutter, is a type of shutter with overlapping blad... read more
A bi-concave lens is a simple optical lens with two inward-curving surfaces, curving toward the opti... read more
Bichromate, also known as potassium bichromate or potassium dichromate, is a chemical used in photog... read more
Binary is a numbering system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, fundamental to all digital technolo... read more
Binocular vision is the ability of the human eyes to perceive depth and three-dimensional space by c... read more
A bispheric lens is an optical lens with different curvatures at the center and the edges. This desi... read more
A bit is the smallest unit of digital information, representing one of two possible values: 0 or 1. ... read more
Bit depth refers to the number of bits used to represent each pixel in a digital image. The higher t... read more
A bitmap is a digital image composed of a grid of pixels, where each pixel is assigned a specific va... read more
Bitumen is a light-sensitive hydrocarbon that hardens when exposed to light. It was famously used by... read more
The black point of an image is the tonal level at which the darkest areas start to contain important... read more
Black silver refers to the metallic silver particles formed from silver halides during photographic ... read more
In photography, a bleach is a chemical solution used to reduce the density of an image by removing o... read more
Bleaching out refers to the process during toning where the concentration of an image is gradually r... read more
In photography, bleed refers to a print where the image extends all the way to the edge of the paper... read more
In photography and digital imaging, to blend means to create smooth, natural transitions between dif... read more
In photography, a blocked up negative refers to an area that is overexposed and/or overdeveloped, re... read more
Blocking out is a darkroom technique where certain areas of a negative are painted with an opaque fl... read more
In digital photography, blooming occurs when bright areas of an image produce streaks or halos due t... read more
A blotter is a sheet or stack of highly absorbent paper specifically designed for photographic print... read more
In photography, a blowup refers to a photograph that has been enlarged beyond the size of the origin... read more
Blue sensitive refers to photographic materials that are responsive only to blue light. In tradition... read more
In photography, blur refers to unsharp areas in an image caused by camera movement, subject motion, ... read more
BMP (Bitmap) is a standard image file format used on DOS and Windows-compatible computers. It suppor... read more
A boom is an adjustable arm mounted on a stable stand used to hold studio lighting, microphones, or ... read more
Borax is a mild alkaline chemical commonly used in fine-grain photographic developing solutions. It ... read more
In photography, a border refers to the edge or margin surrounding a photographic print. Borders can ... read more
Boric acid is a chemical commonly used in photographic fixing solutions to extend the life of the fi... read more
A bounce head is a feature of flashguns where the flash unit's head tilts upwards, allowing the ligh... read more
Bounced light refers to light that reaches the subject after being reflected off a surface, such as ... read more
A box camera is one of the simplest types of cameras, first popularised by George Eastman in 1888. I... read more
Bracketing is a photographic technique where a photographer takes multiple versions of the same imag... read more
Brightfield is a lighting technique used in photomicrography where the subject is illuminated agains... read more
A brightline viewfinder is a type of camera viewfinder in which the subject is outlined by illuminat... read more
Brightness range refers to the difference in luminance between the darkest and lightest areas of an ... read more
Brilliance refers to the strength or intensity of light reflected from a surface, often describing h... read more
Broad lighting is a portrait lighting technique in which the main light source illuminates the side ... read more
Brometching is a historic photographic technique used to produce bromide prints with a distinctive e... read more
Bromide paper is a type of photographic printing paper coated with a silver bromide emulsion. It is ... read more
Bromoil is a historic photographic printing process invented in 1907 that allows images to be create... read more
Brownie was the trade name for a series of early box cameras produced by Kodak, first introduced in ... read more
A browser is a software application used to access and navigate the Internet. Popular examples inclu... read more
Brush development is a darkroom photographic technique in which the developer solution is applied di... read more
BSI stands for the British Standards Institute, the national standards body of the United Kingdom. I... read more
Bubble chamber photography is a scientific imaging technique used to analyze the paths of high-speed... read more
In photography, a buffer is a chemical substance used to maintain the alkalinity of a developing sol... read more
In computing and digital photography, a bug is an undetected flaw or error in software or hardware t... read more
A built-in light meter is a reflective light measuring system integrated directly into a camera, all... read more
Bulk film refers to photographic film sold in long, uncut rolls, allowing photographers to cut and l... read more
Burning-in is a darkroom technique used to darken specific areas of a photographic print by giving t... read more
Burst mode is a camera feature that allows photographers to capture multiple images in rapid success... read more
Butterfly lighting is a classic portrait lighting technique where the main light source is positione... read more
A byte is a standard unit of digital data storage, consisting of eight binary digits (bits). It is c... read more
Boudoir photography is an intimate, artistic genre that celebrates confidence, beauty, and sensualit... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Color Match AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically harmonize colors within ... read more
Color Looks AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically enhance or transform the... read more
Clothes Wrinkle Remover AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to detect and smooth wrinkles... read more
Clothes Color Changer AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to modify the color of clothing... read more
An enlarger using cold cathode illumination. A diffusion type of enlarger. These types of enlarger h... read more
A C print (short for chromogenic print) is a photographic print made from a colour negative, typical... read more
C-41 is the standard chemical processing method used for most colour negative and chromogenic films.... read more
A cable release is a flexible mechanical device that screws into a camera's shutter release button, ... read more
A cache is a temporary storage area in a computer or device's memory that holds frequently accessed ... read more
A cadmium sulfide (CdS) cell is a light-sensitive electronic component used in exposure meters and a... read more
The Callier effect is a contrast phenomenon in photographic printing caused by the distribution of d... read more
The Calotype process, invented by W.H. Fox Talbot in 1839, is one of the earliest photographic proce... read more
Camera angles refer to the various positions from which a camera can capture a subject, with each an... read more
A camera lucida is an optical device that uses a lens and prism system to project a virtual image of... read more
Camera movements are mechanical adjustments available on large format cameras that allow the lens an... read more
The camera obscura is the historical precursor to the modern camera. In its simplest form, it consis... read more
Camera shake refers to the unintended movement of the camera during exposure, often caused by handho... read more
Canada balsam is a natural fluid resin with a refractive index close to that of glass, making it ide... read more
Candela is the unit of measurement for luminous intensity, representing the brightness or strength o... read more
Candid pictures are unposed photographs of people, animals, or scenes, often captured without the su... read more
A candle meter, also referred to as a lux, is a unit of illumination that measures the amount of lig... read more
A capacitor is an electronic component that stores and releases electrical energy, often used in ele... read more
A capping shutter is an additional shutter mechanism found in some medium format cameras or used alo... read more
The carbon process is a historic contact printing technique introduced in 1866. It uses tissue coate... read more
Carbon tetrachloride is a chemical solvent traditionally used for removing grease, oils, and fingerp... read more
The Carbro process is an early colour photographic printing method that evolved from the traditional... read more
A carrier is a frame or holder used in photographic enlargers to keep a negative flat and properly a... read more
A carte de visite is a small portrait photograph mounted on card, roughly the size of a modern postc... read more
A cartridge is a pre-packaged, sealed container of photographic film designed for quick and convenie... read more
A cassette is a light-tight metal or plastic container designed to hold pre-measured lengths of 35mm... read more
In photography, a cast refers to a tint or bias of color that affects the overall appearance of an i... read more
A catadioptric lens is an optical design that combines reflective (mirror) and refractive (lens) ele... read more
A catchlight is the small, bright reflection of a light source visible in a subject's eye in a photo... read more
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) – A cathode ray tube is an evacuated glass bulb containing electrodes and pai... read more
Caustic potash is a highly alkaline chemical used in some high-contrast photographic developing solu... read more
CC filter, short for colour compensating filter, is used in photography to introduce or correct colo... read more
A CCD is a digital image sensor used in cameras that converts light into electrical signals to creat... read more
A CCD element, also called a photosite, is a single light-sensitive unit on a charge-coupled device ... read more
CCD pixels refer to the total number of light-sensitive pixels on a CCD sensor array. While this num... read more
CD read speed indicates how quickly a CD drive can locate and retrieve data from a compact disc. It ... read more
CD-R (Compact Disc recordable)
A CD-R is a recordable compact disc that allows users to write data, music, or images once using a C... read more
CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory)
A CD-ROM is a pre-recorded compact disc used to store and distribute computer data, such as software... read more
CD-RW (Compact Disc Rewritable)
A CD-RW is a rewritable compact disc that allows users to write, erase, and rewrite data multiple ti... read more
CdS, or cadmium sulfide, is a light-sensitive sensor cell commonly used in battery-powered handheld ... read more
Centigrade, also known as Celsius, is a temperature scale in which water freezes at 0° and boils at ... read more
A centre column is a common feature on many tripods that provides additional height without signific... read more
Centre-weighted average is a light metering pattern used in cameras that gives more importance to th... read more
Centre-weighted metering is one of the classic camera metering methods, where the camera evaluates l... read more
A changing bag is an opaque, light-tight fabric bag that allows photographers to handle light-sensit... read more
A characteristic curve is a graph that illustrates a film emulsion or developer's performance by plo... read more
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a grid of electronic light-sensitive sensors that convert incoming ... read more
Chemical focus refers to the point at which a lens brings the actinic (photographically active) rays... read more
Chemical fog is an overall, unwanted density that appears evenly across film or photographic paper. ... read more
Chemical vapor is a photographic technique in which negatives are exposed in a closed container to s... read more
Chiaroscuro is a technique using strong contrasts of light and shadow to emphasize shapes, textures,... read more
Chlorhydroquinone is a photographic developing agent commonly used in warm-tone black-and-white deve... read more
Chloride paper is a type of photographic printing paper coated with a silver chloride emulsion. It i... read more
Chlorobromide paper is photographic printing paper coated with an emulsion containing both silver ch... read more
Chlorquinol is an alternative name for chlorhydroquinone, a photographic developing agent used in wa... read more
Chromatic aberration is a lens imperfection where light of different wavelengths (colours) fails to ... read more
Chromaticity is the quantitative measurement of the colour of an object or light source, independent... read more
Chromatype is an early photographic printing paper known for being extremely slow and low in sensiti... read more
Chrome alum is an alternative name for potassium chromium sulfate, a chemical used in photography fo... read more
Chromogenic development is a photographic process in which the oxidation products of the developer r... read more
Chromogenic materials are colour photographic films or papers that form dyes during the development ... read more
A chronocyclograph is a photograph used to study and analyze complex cyclic or repetitive movements.... read more
Chronophotography is a photographic technique for capturing motion in sequential images at regular i... read more
Cibachrome, now known as Ilfochrome, is a photographic printing material developed by Ilford for cre... read more
Cibachrome 2 is a colour printing process that produces high-quality prints directly from colour sli... read more
CIE (Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage)
The CIE is an international organisation that developed a universal system for describing colours. T... read more
Circles of confusion are tiny discs of light formed by a lens that contribute to the final image. Wh... read more
The Clayden effect refers to the process of desensitizing a photographic emulsion by briefly exposin... read more
In photography, "Clear" refers to a spot focusing technique where the lens is focused by examining t... read more
A clearing agent in photography is a specialized processing solution used to remove residual stains ... read more
In photography, clearing time refers to the period it takes for a film emulsion to lose its milky or... read more
Cliche verre is a photographic-art technique in which designs are created on a glass plate using var... read more
Click stops are a feature of lens aperture controls where the aperture mechanism moves through a ser... read more
In photography, a clip test involves taking a small sample of film from the main exposed roll to det... read more
Clock speed refers to the rate at which a computer's processor completes a single cycle of operation... read more
Cloning is a feature in many image editing programs that allows photographers and editors to replace... read more
Close focusing refers to a camera lens's ability to focus on subjects that are very near to the came... read more
In photography, a close-up refers to an image where the subject is captured at a short distance, fil... read more
A close-up attachment is a camera accessory that allows a lens to focus on subjects closer than its ... read more
A close-up lens is an accessory, often sold by filter manufacturers like Hoya and Cokin, designed to... read more
On compact cameras, this mode allows the camera to focus closer than normal On SLR cameras this mode... read more
CMOS Sensor (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)
A CMOS sensor is a type of digital image sensor used in cameras as an alternative to the traditional... read more
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black)
CMYK refers to the four-color process used in printing, particularly in inkjet and professional phot... read more
A coated lens is a camera lens whose air-to-glass surfaces have been treated with a thin layer of ma... read more
Coherent light refers to light waves that maintain a constant phase relationship with each other, me... read more
Cold cathode illumination is a low-temperature fluorescent light source commonly used in diffusion-t... read more
Cold colours are hues found at the blue end of the colour spectrum, including shades of blue, green,... read more
A cold-light enlarger is a type of photographic enlarger that uses a fluorescent tube or cold cathod... read more
A collage is a creative composition that combines various materials-such as paper, photographs, fabr... read more
Collodion is a solution made from soluble gun cotton dissolved in a mixture of ether and alcohol. Hi... read more
Collodion Process (Wet Collodion)
The collodion process, also known as wet collodion, was invented by Frederick Scott Archer in 1851–5... read more
Colour balance refers to the adjustment in photographic processes that ensures a neutral scale of gr... read more
Colour balancing filters are photographic filters used to adjust the light reaching colour film so t... read more
A colour circle is a visual chart that arranges the spectrum of hues in a circular format, illustrat... read more
Colour compensatory filters are pale-coloured photographic filters used to subtly adjust the colour ... read more
Colour contrast refers to the perceived difference in brightness, intensity, or hue between two colo... read more
Colour depth refers to the number of distinct colours that a digital imaging device, such as a scann... read more
A colour developer is a specialized photographic chemical used in colour film and paper processing. ... read more
Colour development is the chemical stage in the colour photographic processing cycle that transforms... read more
Colour fringing is a digital imaging problem, often seen in cameras with CCD or CMOS sensors, where ... read more
A colour head is a component of a photographic enlarger that contains a set of three adjustable colo... read more
Colour Management System (CMS)
A colour management system is a software-based calibration and profiling tool that ensures consisten... read more
Colour masking refers to the pink or orange mask incorporated into colour negative film to improve t... read more
Colour mixing is the practical process of combining colours using either additive or subtractive col... read more
Colour negative film is a type of photographic film designed to capture images in which both the ton... read more
Colour reversal film, also known as slide or transparency film, is designed to produce a positive co... read more
Colour saturation refers to the purity or intensity of a colour in an image, determined by the absen... read more
Colour sensitivity refers to the responsiveness of photographic film, paper, or digital sensors to l... read more
Colour sensitometry is the scientific method used to measure and evaluate the sensitivity of photogr... read more
Colour separation is a photographic process in which an image is captured through a series of filter... read more
The colour separation process is a printing technique that divides a full-colour image into four sep... read more
Colour synthesis is the process of combining different coloured lights or dye layers to create a ful... read more
Colour temperature is a measure of the colour characteristics of a light source, expressed in degree... read more
A colour temperature meter is a device used to measure the colour temperature of a light source, exp... read more
Colour toning is a photographic process used to alter the colour of a black-and-white print by conve... read more
Colour weight refers to the perceived visual heaviness or dominance of fully saturated colours in an... read more
Coma is a type of lens aberration that causes asymmetrical distortion of point light sources, often ... read more
Combination printing is a photographic technique in which multiple negatives are printed onto a sing... read more
A compact camera is a small, portable camera, typically using 35mm film or a digital sensor, designe... read more
CompactFlash is a type of removable memory card commonly used in digital cameras to store photograph... read more
A compensating developer is a specialized photographic chemical designed to reduce the overall contr... read more
A compensating positive is an image produced on translucent material that can be printed together wi... read more
A complementary colour is a colour of light that, when combined with a specific opposing colour in t... read more
Complementary colours are the hues produced when one of the three primary light colours-red, green, ... read more
In photographic development, completion refers to the stage at which all exposed silver halides have... read more
Composite printing is another term for combination printing, a photographic technique in which multi... read more
Composition in photography refers to the deliberate arrangement of all visual elements within a fram... read more
A compound lens is a lens system made up of two or more individual lens elements combined to functio... read more
A compound shutter is a type of camera shutter made up of multiple metal leaves arranged symmetrical... read more
In digital imaging, compression is a process that reduces the amount of data in an image file to dec... read more
The Compur shutter is a well-known German brand of precision compound shutters, widely respected for... read more
A computer connection refers to the method by which a device, such as a printer, scanner, or camera,... read more
In photography, a condenser is a lens located in an enlarger head or spotlight that concentrates lig... read more
A condenser enlarger is a type of photographic enlarger that uses a sharp, focused light source dire... read more
Cones are the light-sensitive sensory cells located on the retina of the human eye that allow us to ... read more
Constructivism is an art movement that began in Russia around 1913, known for its abstract compositi... read more
Contact paper is a type of photographic printing paper used exclusively for contact printing, where ... read more
A contact print is a photographic reference print created by placing a negative directly onto photog... read more
A contact printer is a device used to create contact prints by holding the negative and photographic... read more
A contact screen is a type of halftone screen used in photographic and printing processes, where the... read more
In photography, contamination refers to the presence of unwanted chemical traces in areas where they... read more
Continuous tone is a photographic term used to describe monochrome negatives and prints that display... read more
Contour film is a specialized photographic print film designed to produce equidensity line images fr... read more
In photography, contrast refers to the perceived difference between densities or luminosities in a s... read more
Contrast filters are used in black-and-white photography to adjust how different colours in a scene ... read more
Contrast grade refers to the classification system used to describe the tonal response of photograph... read more
Contrast Index, often abbreviated as CI, is a measure of the contrast present in a photographic nega... read more
In photography, contrast values describe the perceived difference between the light areas (highlight... read more
In photography, "contrasty" describes a negative, print, or scene that exhibits strong differences b... read more
Contre-jour is a photographic technique, also known as backlighting, in which the camera is pointed ... read more
Control strips are strips of pre-exposed film or photographic paper used in the darkroom to test the... read more
See Convex Lens. A converging lens is a lens that bends light rays toward a single point, known as t... read more
A convertible lens is a type of compound lens constructed in two sections, where the optical element... read more
A convex lens is a simple, curved lens that causes rays of light from a subject to converge at a foc... read more
The Cooke Triplet is a landmark lens design in photographic history, created by H.D. Taylor in 1893.... read more
In photography, a cooling system refers to built-in fans or ventilation mechanisms in flash heads an... read more
Copper chloride is a chemical compound commonly used in photographic processes such as bleaching, to... read more
Copper sulfate is a chemical compound frequently used in photographic processes such as bleaching, t... read more
Copper toning is a chemical process used to alter the colour of monochrome photographic prints, givi... read more
Copy or Document scene mode is a camera setting designed specifically for photographing text, docume... read more
Copyright laws are legal regulations that govern the ownership, use, and protection of creative work... read more
A correction filter is a photographic filter designed to adjust the colour rendition of a scene to m... read more
Coupled dyes are the visible colours produced during the colour development process in photography. ... read more
A coupled rangefinder is a camera focusing system that links the rangefinder mechanism directly to t... read more
A coupler is a chemical used in colour photography, either incorporated into the film's emulsion lay... read more
Covering power refers to the area that a camera lens can illuminate with even exposure and sharpness... read more
Coving refers to a plain, curved background used in photography that has no visible edges, corners, ... read more
CP filters, short for Colour Printing Filters, are used in photographic printing to control the tona... read more
The CPU, or central processing unit, is the microprocessor at the heart of a computer, connected dir... read more
Critical aperture refers to the lens setting that provides optimal optical performance, balancing sh... read more
A cronographic camera is a specialized camera designed to photograph the Sun and other bright celest... read more
Cropping is the process of trimming the edges of an image to remove unwanted areas and improve the o... read more
Cross front is a camera movement typically found on large-format cameras, allowing the front lens pa... read more
Crossed polarization is a photographic technique that uses two polarizing filters: one placed over t... read more
Crown glass is a type of low-dispersion optical glass commonly used in photographic and optical lens... read more
Cubism is an early twentieth-century European art movement characterized by the depiction of subject... read more
Curvature of field is a lens aberration in which the plane of focus is not flat but slightly curved.... read more
Curvilinear distortion is a lens aberration that combines elements of both barrel distortion and pin... read more
Cut film refers to photographic negative film sold in individual flat sheets rather than rolls. It i... read more
Cyan is a blue-green subtractive primary colour used in photography, printing, and digital imaging. ... read more
Cyanotype is an early photographic printing process invented by Sir John Herschel in 1842, known for... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
The daguerreotype, introduced by Louis Daguerre in 1839, was the first practical and commercially su... read more
Daisy chaining refers to the method of connecting multiple computer peripherals, such as hard drives... read more
Dark current is the stray electrical charge generated in the unexposed areas of a CCD (charge-couple... read more
A darkcloth is a piece of opaque, dark material used in large-format and sheet film photography. Pho... read more
Darkfield is a method of illumination in photomicroscopy where the specimen appears bright against a... read more
A darkroom is a light-tight space specifically designed for photographic processing and printing. It... read more
A darkslide is a removable plastic or metal sheet used in sheet-film holders or film magazines to pr... read more
Data refers to digital information that can be processed, stored, and transmitted by a computer. In ... read more
A data disc is a patterned feature on the base of APS (Advanced Photo System) film cartridges that c... read more
Data storage capacity refers to the total amount of digital information that a device or medium can ... read more
A databack is a specialized replacement back for a camera that allows the photographer to imprint th... read more
A database is an organised collection of information that can be efficiently stored, searched, and m... read more
Daylight colour film is a type of photographic film designed for use in natural daylight or under ar... read more
A daylight enlarger is an early type of photographic enlarger that uses natural daylight, often thro... read more
Daylight film is a type of colour photographic film specifically balanced for subjects illuminated b... read more
A daylight tank is a light-tight container used for developing photographic film without the need fo... read more
DCS, or Digital Camera System, was the name used by Kodak for its pioneering range of digital single... read more
A dedicated flash is a portable flash unit designed to work seamlessly with a specific camera system... read more
Default refers to the factory settings pre-configured by a manufacturer for a piece of hardware or s... read more
In photography, definition is a subjective term used to describe the clarity, sharpness, and level o... read more
To defragment is to use software to reorganise data on a hard disk drive (HDD) by bringing together ... read more
Delayed action refers to a camera function where the shutter is triggered a short time after the shu... read more
In photography, dense refers to areas of a negative or slide (transparency) that appear dark and all... read more
A densitometer is a specialised instrument used to measure the density of an image, particularly the... read more
In photography, density is a numerical measurement that indicates the darkness of a tone on a negati... read more
Depth mode is a program shooting mode found on some Canon cameras that automatically selects the opt... read more
Depth of field (DOF) is the distance between the nearest and furthest parts of a scene or subject th... read more
Depth of field preview is a camera feature, usually activated via a button or lever, that allows pho... read more
A depth of field scale is a marking on a camera lens that shows the range of distances within which ... read more
Depth of focus refers to the tolerance of the film, sensor, or printing paper placement around the e... read more
To desaturate an image or element means to reduce the intensity, purity, or vividness of a colour, m... read more
To deselect in photography or image editing means to remove an active selection-often indicated by t... read more
Desensitising refers to the process of reducing the light sensitivity of a photographic emulsion aft... read more
In digital photography and computing, the desktop refers to the main screen interface of your comput... read more
A detective camera is a type of compact camera that became popular during the Victorian era, designe... read more
In photography, a developer is a chemical solution used in the darkroom to process exposed film or p... read more
A developing agent is a key chemical component within a photographic developer that is responsible f... read more
Development is the photographic process in which exposed silver halide crystals in film or photograp... read more
A dialogue box is an on-screen window that appears within a computer program to request input, provi... read more
In photography, the diaphragm is the mechanical component inside a camera lens that controls the ape... read more
A diaphragm shutter is a type of camera shutter located within or just behind the lens that operates... read more
A diapositive is a photographic term for a positive image created on a transparent support, such as ... read more
Diazo refers to a group of chemical compounds, specifically diazonium compounds, that are used in ce... read more
In photography and optics, dichroic refers to materials or filters that display two different colour... read more
Dichroic filters are optical filters created by applying precise metallic coatings to glass surfaces... read more
Dichroic fog is a type of image defect seen on photographic negatives, characterised by a purple-gre... read more
Differential focusing is a photographic technique in which the camera's focus and aperture are adjus... read more
Diffraction is an optical phenomenon in which light waves bend or change direction when they pass ne... read more
Diffraction occurs when light rays are scattered and change direction as they pass through a small a... read more
A diffraction grating is an optical device or attachment that disperses light into its constituent c... read more
Diffuse lighting refers to illumination that is soft and even, producing low to moderate contrast in... read more
A diffuser is any material or device designed to scatter or soften light, reducing harshness and cre... read more
A diffusion condenser enlarger is a type of photographic enlarger that combines the soft, even illum... read more
A diffusion enlarger is a photographic enlarger designed to scatter light before it reaches the nega... read more
A digital camera is a modern photographic device that captures images electronically rather than on ... read more
A digital image is a photograph, artwork, or graphic created and stored as a grid of tiny elements c... read more
Digital Print Order Format (DPOF)
Digital Print Order Format, or DPOF, is a feature developed jointly by Kodak, Canon, Fuji, and Matsu... read more
Digital zoom is a feature in many digital cameras that increases the apparent magnification of an im... read more
To digitise means to convert analogue information-such as photographs, video, or sound-into a digita... read more
Dilution is the process of reducing the strength or concentration of a liquid by adding a measured a... read more
Dimensional stability refers to a material's ability to maintain its original size and shape during ... read more
Dimm (Dual In-line Memory Module)
A DIMM, or Dual In-line Memory Module, is a type of memory chip that can be installed into a compute... read more
DIN stands for Deutsche Industrie Norm, which is the German national standards organisation responsi... read more
A diopter is a unit of measurement used to express the optical power of a lens. It is defined as the... read more
A direct vision viewfinder is a simple camera sighting device that allows the photographer to compos... read more
A discharge lamp is a light source that produces illumination when an electrical current excites gas... read more
In photography and related industries, a product described as discontinued is one that is no longer ... read more
Dish development is a traditional photographic technique used to process single sheets of film or ph... read more
A disk drive is a computer storage device used to read from and write data to various types of disks... read more
Dispersion is the optical property of a material, such as glass, to bend light rays of different wav... read more
Distance symbols are markings found on the focus controls of simple cameras, serving as a visual gui... read more
Distortion in photography refers to any alteration in the shape or proportions of an image compared ... read more
Dithering is a digital imaging technique used to create the illusion of smoother tones and gradients... read more
A diverging lens is a type of lens that spreads light rays outward, causing them to bend away from t... read more
D-max (short for maximum density) is a term used in photography to describe the darkest part of an i... read more
D-min (short for minimum density) refers to the lightest part of an image or negative-the area that ... read more
Documentary photography is the practice of capturing images to provide an accurate and informative r... read more
Dodging is a darkroom technique used in photographic printing to selectively reduce the exposure of ... read more
A dolly is a wheeled platform designed to support a camera tripod, allowing smooth and controlled mo... read more
A domain name is the part of a website's address that appears between http:// (or https://) and the ... read more
DOS, or Disk Operating System, is an early operating system used on older personal computers. It pro... read more
Dots per inch, or DPI, is a measure of the resolution of a digital imaging device, such as a compute... read more
A double click is the action of pressing a computer mouse button twice in quick succession. This act... read more
Double exposure is a photographic technique, also known as multiple exposure, in which two separate ... read more
Double extension is a feature of large format cameras that allows the bellows to be extended to appr... read more
Double vision in photography and optics refers to the effect seen through binoculars or similar opti... read more
To download means to transfer a file or data from the Internet, a remote computer, or another device... read more
Dragging is a computer action in which you move text, image elements, files, or folders by holding d... read more
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
DRAM, or Dynamic Random Access Memory, is a standard type of computer memory used to temporarily sto... read more
A driver is a software file that allows a computer to communicate with and control hardware devices ... read more
Drop-in loading is a convenient feature found in Advanced Photo System (APS) cameras that simplifies... read more
A drum scanner is a high-end, professional scanner used primarily by reprographic houses and commerc... read more
Dry down refers to the change in density or appearance of a photographic print as it dries after pro... read more
Dry mounting is a technique used to attach photographic prints to a mounting board or backing surfac... read more
Dry plates are photographic plates coated with a light-sensitive gelatin emulsion, introduced as an ... read more
A drying cabinet is a ventilated storage unit designed specifically for drying photographic films af... read more
Drying marks are irregular streaks, spots, or patterns that appear on a photographic film's emulsion... read more
DTP, or Desk Top Publishing, is the process of creating printed materials-such as newsletters, magaz... read more
DX coding is a system of markings on a film cassette that can be read by sensors inside a camera's f... read more
A dyad is a pair of colours that are either complementary or otherwise considered visually harmoniou... read more
Dye image monochrome films are black-and-white negative films specifically formulated to be processe... read more
Dye coupling is a chemical process in colour photography in which the by-products of colour developm... read more
The dye destruction process is a photographic method for producing colour images in which fully form... read more
Dye sensitizing is the process of extending the light sensitivity of photographic emulsions by addin... read more
A dye transfer print is a traditional method of producing high-quality colour photographs using thre... read more
Dye-bleach processes are photographic or printing techniques in which selected areas of pre-formed c... read more
Dye-sublimation is a digital printing process in which heat is used to evaporate dye from a coloured... read more
Dynamic range refers to the extent of tonal variation a device-such as a scanner, camera, or printer... read more
Dynamism in photography refers to the way an image is structured to convey a sense of movement, ener... read more
Documentary photography is a long-form genre aimed at telling stories about real people, communities... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
E-6 is the standard chemical processing procedure used to develop colour reversal (transparency) fil... read more
An easel is a device used in darkroom printing to hold photographic paper flat and steady during exp... read more
The Eberhard effect is a border phenomenon in photographic development, appearing as a dark line alo... read more
Edge numbers are markings pre-exposed along the borders of photographic film that provide frame numb... read more
EDO RAM (Extended Data-Out RAM)
EDO RAM, or Extended Data-Out Random Access Memory, is a type of computer memory commonly used in pe... read more
Effective aperture refers to the actual diameter of the light bundle that passes through a camera le... read more
Electronic Image Stabilization (EIS)
Electronic Image Stabilization, commonly abbreviated as EIS, is a camera technology designed to redu... read more
Electroluminescence is the phenomenon in which electric energy is directly converted into visible li... read more
An electronic flash is a lighting device that produces a brief, intense burst of light by dischargin... read more
An electronic shutter is a camera shutter system that controls exposure by electronically turning th... read more
Electrophotography is a photographic process that creates images by altering the electrical properti... read more
A lens element is a single piece of shaped glass or optical material that forms part of a compound l... read more
Element pitch refers to the distance between the centres of two adjacent photosensitive elements, su... read more
Elon, also known as metol or Methylaminophenol sulfate, is a chemical used as a developing agent in ... read more
E-mail, short for electronic mail, is a digital communication method that allows users to send and r... read more
Emulation is the use of software to mimic the hardware or operating system of one computer on anothe... read more
Emulsion is a light-sensitive material used in traditional photography, consisting of microscopic si... read more
An emulsion lift is a photographic technique in which the thin, image-bearing layer of a Polaroid or... read more
The emulsion side of photographic film refers to the surface coated with light-sensitive emulsion, w... read more
An endoscope is a specialized optical device designed to allow photographers and researchers to view... read more
Enhanced Back Printing (EBP) is a feature associated with Advanced Photo System (APS) cameras that a... read more
An enlargement in photography refers to a print that is produced at a size larger than the original ... read more
Enlargement ratio is a photographic term that describes the proportional increase in size between a ... read more
An enlarger is a photographic device used to create prints from film negatives or transparencies by ... read more
An enprint is a small, commercially produced photographic print, typically created using automatic p... read more
The entrance pupil is the apparent size of the light beam that enters the front elements of a compou... read more
EPS, short for Encapsulated PostScript, is a widely used file format for importing, exporting, and s... read more
Equivalent focal length refers to the distance between the front nodal point of a lens and the focal... read more
Etching in photography is a technique used to remove small imperfections or blemishes from a print o... read more
Etching is a photographic and printmaking process in which selected areas of a surface are dissolved... read more
Ethernet is a widely used network technology that connects two or more computers or devices, allowin... read more
Exposure Value (EV) is a numerical system that represents the combination of shutter speed and apert... read more
An Ever Ready Case is a type of camera case designed to allow photographers to use their camera with... read more
An Everset shutter is a type of simple camera shutter mechanism where a single press of the release ... read more
Exif (Exchangeable Image File Format)
Exif, or Exchangeable Image File Format, is a standard used to store metadata within image files, pr... read more
The exit pupil is the image of a camera's iris diaphragm as seen through the rear elements of a comp... read more
The expiry date on photographic film indicates the point at which the manufacturer can no longer gua... read more
In photography and digital imaging, export refers to the process of transferring images, text, or ot... read more
Exposure in photography refers to the amount of light that reaches a camera's light-sensitive materi... read more
Exposure bracketing is a photographic technique in which a series of images of the same scene are ca... read more
Exposure compensation is a camera feature that allows photographers to manually adjust the exposure ... read more
Exposure Index (EI) is a term used to describe the effective sensitivity of a photographic film or d... read more
Exposure latitude refers to a film or sensor's ability to tolerate variations in exposure while stil... read more
An exposure meter is a device used to measure the amount of light in a scene, either falling directl... read more
Exposure modes are the settings on a camera that determine how the shutter speed and aperture are ad... read more
Exposure Value (EV) is a numerical scale used in photography to indicate the sensitivity range of a ... read more
An exposure zone is a concept used in the Zone System, a photographic technique for precisely contro... read more
An extended keyboard is a larger version of a standard computer keyboard that includes additional fu... read more
An extension is a small software program on a Mac computer that activates when the system is started... read more
Extension bellows are a photographic accessory used to increase the distance between a camera lens a... read more
Extension tubes are a set of hollow, light-tight tubes of varying lengths that fit between a camera ... read more
An extinction meter is an early type of photographic exposure calculator used to measure the amount ... read more
Eye relief refers to the distance between the eyepiece of binoculars or other optical devices and th... read more
The eyedropper is an image-editing tool used to sample a colour from one part of an image so that it... read more
Engagement photography celebrates the period leading up to a couple’s wedding, focusing on their con... read more
Event photography captures live occasions such as concerts, conferences, parties, or festivals. The ... read more
Environmental photography captures the relationship between humans and their surroundings, often hig... read more
Experimental photography explores unconventional techniques and creative processes, often producing ... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Face AI refers to the use of artificial intelligence to detect, analyse, and enhance human faces wit... read more
Face Slimming AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to subtly reshape and refine facial con... read more
F-numbers, also known as f-stops, are markings on a camera lens that indicate the size of the apertu... read more
An f-stop is a numerical value that represents the size of a lens's aperture, calculated by dividing... read more
In photography, a factor is a numerical value that indicates how much exposure must be increased to ... read more
The Fahrenheit scale is a temperature measurement system named after its German originator, G. D. Fa... read more
False attachment is a compositional technique in photography where a part of one object is positione... read more
False colour film is a type of photographic film that renders colours differently from how the human... read more
Farmer's reducer is a chemical solution used in photographic darkroom work for selectively bleaching... read more
A Faraday shutter is a type of high-speed camera shutter that uses a pair of crossed polarizers with... read more
Fast film is a type of photographic film with an emulsion that is highly sensitive to light, allowin... read more
A fax modem is a type of modem that allows a computer not only to connect to the internet or other n... read more
A feathered edge is a digital image-editing technique used to soften the boundaries of a selection, ... read more
Ferric chloride is a chemical solution used in photography as a bleaching agent for negative materia... read more
The ferrotype process is a photographic method for producing direct positive images on dark enameled... read more
Fiber-based paper is a type of photographic paper that does not have a resin coating, relying instea... read more
A field camera is a type of folding view camera, typically constructed from wood or lightweight meta... read more
Field of view refers to the extent of the scene that is visible through a camera's viewfinder compar... read more
Field of view at 1000 meters is a specification commonly provided by binocular manufacturers that de... read more
A file is a common term used to describe an electronic document or a digital photograph stored on a ... read more
A file format is the method by which a digital file is saved to ensure it can be viewed, edited, and... read more
File size refers to the amount of data contained within a digital file, which determines how much st... read more
Fill-in refers to a light source used in photography to illuminate the shadow areas of a scene. Its ... read more
A fill light is a secondary light source used in photography and videography to illuminate and reduc... read more
Fill-in flash is a technique used in photography to reduce harsh contrast by introducing additional ... read more
Photographic film is a recording medium consisting of a thin, flexible, transparent plastic base - t... read more
A film characteristic curve, also known as the H&D curve (after its originators Hurter and Driffield... read more
Film clips are small fastening devices made from metal or plastic, used in traditional film photogra... read more
Film format refers to the physical size of the area of film used by a camera to record a photographi... read more
A film holder is a flat, rigid two-sided frame designed to securely hold individual sheets of film f... read more
A film pack is a self-contained cartridge or container holding multiple sheets of film, designed to ... read more
The film plane is the precise flat surface at the back of a camera where the film is positioned duri... read more
A film recorder is a specialised output device used to transfer digital image files onto photographi... read more
A film scanner is a specialist peripheral device used to scan photographic film - including negative... read more
Film speed is a numerical rating used to indicate the sensitivity of a photographic film to light, e... read more
A film speed dial is a manual control found on film cameras that allows the photographer to set or a... read more
Film speed range refers to the span of ISO film speeds that a particular camera is designed to suppo... read more
A film status indicator is a visual communication system incorporated into the design of APS (Advanc... read more
In digital photography and image editing, a filter is a software-based tool - either built into an e... read more
An optical filter is a physical accessory, typically made from optical glass or high quality plastic... read more
Filter factor is a numerical value assigned to an optical filter that indicates by how much the came... read more
Most SLR cameras, some digital and a few compacts have a threaded ring at the front end of the lens.... read more
Filters are transparent or translucent optical accessories made from coloured glass, gelatin, or pla... read more
Finality development is a darkroom processing technique in which a photographic film or paper is sub... read more
Finder is a commonly used abbreviation for viewfinder, the optical or electronic system on a camera ... read more
Fine grain developers are a category of photographic film developer formulated specifically to minim... read more
FireWire is a high speed serial data transfer interface developed by Apple in the late 1980s and sta... read more
Fireworks scene mode is a dedicated automatic exposure mode found on many compact and bridge cameras... read more
A fish-eye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that provides an extremely broad field of view of up to ... read more
Fixation is a critical chemical stage in the traditional photographic processing sequence, in which ... read more
Fixed focal length refers to a camera or lens system in which the focal length is set at a single, u... read more
Fixed focus describes a camera or lens system in which the focus is permanently set at a predetermin... read more
Fixer is the chemical solution used in the fixation stage of traditional photographic processing, ap... read more
Function keys, commonly abbreviated to Fkeys, are a row of specialised keys found along the top of m... read more
Flare is a optical phenomenon that occurs when unwanted non-image-forming light enters a camera lens... read more
A flash is a device used to provide additional light when taking photographs, especially in low-ligh... read more
A flash bulb is a replaceable light source used in older or expendable flash units, providing a brie... read more
A flash cube is an obsolete photographic lighting device that contains four small flash bulbs built ... read more
Flash duration is the measurement of time that a photographic flash emits light, typically calculate... read more
Flash factor is a numerical value that helps photographers determine the correct exposure when using... read more
Flash memory is a type of non-volatile memory that can store data without requiring a constant power... read more
A flash meter is a specialized light meter used to measure the intensity of light emitted from an el... read more
Flash modes are the various settings on a camera that control how and when the built-in or external ... read more
Flash output refers to the amount of light emitted by a flash unit when taking a photograph. On port... read more
Flash powder is a chemical mixture, typically consisting of metallic magnesium combined with an oxid... read more
Flash range refers to the distance over which an electronic flash can effectively illuminate a subje... read more
A flash sync socket is a port on a camera that allows an electronic flash or studio light to be conn... read more
Flash sync speed is the fastest shutter speed at which a camera can be used with an electronic flash... read more
Flash synchronization is the method of coordinating the timing of a flash with the camera's shutter ... read more
A flashbulb is an early type of photographic flash that produces a bright burst of light when ignite... read more
Flashing is a photographic printing technique used by advanced printers to reduce contrast in an ima... read more
In photography, a flat is a specialized camera designed for copying artwork, documents, or other fla... read more
A flat bed camera is a photographic device used for copying documents, artwork, maps, or other flat ... read more
Flat gradation is a photographic term used to describe images that display low contrast, where the t... read more
Flat lighting is a photographic lighting style that produces minimal contrast or modeling on the sub... read more
A flatbed scanner is a peripheral device with a glass surface on which photographs, prints, artwork,... read more
Floating elements are one or more lens components that move independently relative to other parts of... read more
A floodlight is an artificial lighting device designed to provide broad, even illumination over a su... read more
A floppy disk is a flexible, magnetically sensitive storage medium enclosed in a 3.5-inch hard plast... read more
Fluorescence is a phenomenon in which certain substances emit a bright, neon-like glow when exposed ... read more
Fluorescent whites are exceptionally bright highlights achieved in photographic prints by applying a... read more
Focal length is a key specification of a camera lens that indicates both its magnification and angle... read more
The focal plane is the specific area behind a camera lens where light converges to form a sharply fo... read more
A focal plane shutter is a type of camera shutter located just in front of the focal plane, where th... read more
The focal point is the specific point along the optical axis of a lens where all rays of light from ... read more
Focus refers to the position at which rays of light passing through a lens converge to form a sharp,... read more
Focus range refers to the distance span within which a camera or lens can accurately achieve focus o... read more
Focusing is the process of adjusting a camera lens so that the subject appears sharp and clear on th... read more
A focusing cloth is a dark, opaque cloth used in view camera photography to block out ambient light ... read more
A focusing hood is a light-proof cowl used on twin-lens reflex (TLR) cameras and most roll-film SLR ... read more
A focusing magnifier is an optical device used to enlarge the image on a camera's focusing screen, h... read more
The focusing ring is the part of a camera lens used to adjust focus so that the subject appears shar... read more
A focusing scale is a measurement indicator on a camera lens that shows the distance from the film p... read more
A focusing screen is a ground glass or textured surface positioned at the image-forming plane of a c... read more
Focusing steps refer to the number of discrete positions or "stops" a lens passes through when adjus... read more
In photography, fog refers to unwanted exposure of unprocessed film to light, which creates a veil o... read more
Fog level refers to the density that develops in unexposed areas of photographic film or paper durin... read more
Fogging, also called fog, is the creation of an overall veil of density on a photographic negative o... read more
A folder is a location on a computer used to organise and store programs, files, and documents in a ... read more
A font refers to the specific typeface or style of text used in word processing, desktop publishing,... read more
The foreground is the part of an image that appears closer to the viewer than the main subject. It o... read more
In photography, format can refer to the area of film that a camera uses to record an image, such as ... read more
Four-colour printing, also known as process colour, is a method of reproducing images using four ink... read more
FP sync refers to a type of flash synchronization once used with focal plane flashbulbs. It ensures ... read more
A frame grabber is a hardware device used to extract a single frame from a movie sequence captured b... read more
Frames per second (fps) is a measurement used to describe how many individual images a camera can ca... read more
Free working distance refers to the space between the front of a camera lens and the subject being p... read more
A Fresnel lens is a type of condenser lens used in spotlights to gather and focus light rays from a ... read more
A Fresnel magnifier is a condenser lens incorporated into the center of some ground glass focusing s... read more
Frilling is the wrinkling or separation of the photographic emulsion along the edges of its support ... read more
Front curtain synchronization occurs when a flash fires immediately after the front curtain of a foc... read more
Front element focusing is a lens focusing system in which only the front component of a compound len... read more
Front projection is a photographic and cinematographic technique that allows a subject in a studio t... read more
FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, is a standard method for transferring files and data over a network.... read more
A full scale print is a photographic print that displays a wide range of tonal values, from the deep... read more
Futurism was an art movement that began in Italy around 1910, known for its aggressive rejection of ... read more
A full-frame sensor is a type of digital camera sensor that matches the size of a traditional 35mm f... read more
Fashion photography highlights clothing, accessories, and style, primarily for commercial, editorial... read more
Food photography emphasizes the visual appeal of dishes, ingredients, and culinary creations. It req... read more
Fine art photography is primarily created as an artistic expression, where the image itself is the e... read more
Forensic photography is used to document crime scenes, evidence, and accidents for legal purposes. T... read more
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Glasses Glare Remover AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to detect and remove reflection... read more
A G curve is the average gradient of a photographic characteristic curve, similar in concept to gamm... read more
Galvanography is a photographic and printing technique in which a gelatin relief image is electropla... read more
Gamma is a measurement that describes the brightness and contrast of a display monitor or the midton... read more
Gamut refers to the complete range of colours that can be displayed on a monitor or reproduced in pr... read more
Gaussian blur is an image-editing technique that diffuses an image using a bell-shaped mathematical ... read more
Gelatin is a natural protein derived from animal sources, used in photography to suspend silver hali... read more
Gelatin filters are coloured filters made from thin sheets of dyed gelatin, which can be cut to size... read more
The gelatin sugar process is a daylight photographic printing technique that uses paper coated with ... read more
Gels are coloured filters used in photography and cinematography to modify the colour of light. They... read more
Ghost images are bright spots or reflections that appear in a camera viewfinder or on the final phot... read more
GIF (Graphical Interchange Format)
GIF, or Graphical Interchange Format, is a widely used image file format for the web. It supports on... read more
GIFF (Graphical InterFace File)
GIFF, or Graphical InterFace File, is a proprietary image file format developed by Compuserve for st... read more
A gigabyte (Gb) is a unit of digital storage or computer memory equivalent to 1,024 megabytes. It is... read more
Glaze refers to a glossy surface finish produced on certain non-resin-coated photographic printing p... read more
A glazer is a machine used to produce a glossy finish on wet fiber-based photographic prints. The pr... read more
Glossy refers to a shiny, smooth paper surface commonly used in photographic printing. This finish e... read more
Gold chloride is a water-soluble chemical compound commonly used in photographic gold toning. It rep... read more
The gold mean is a compositional technique used to determine the "ideal" position of a main subject ... read more
GOST is an arithmetical system for rating film speed that was used in Soviet bloc countries. It prov... read more
Gradation refers to the variation in tone from black to white within a photograph or print. It repre... read more
Graded paper is photographic printing paper that has a fixed level of contrast. Different grades are... read more
A gradient is a colour or grey tone fill that gradually changes in density across a selected area. I... read more
A graduate is a vessel used for accurately measuring liquids, commonly employed in photographic dark... read more
A graduated filter is a photographic filter that has a coloured or neutral-density section which gra... read more
Grain refers to the clumps of processed silver halide crystals that form the visible image on photog... read more
Graininess refers to the visible texture created by clumps of silver halide crystals in a photograph... read more
Grains are the exposed and developed silver halide crystals that have transformed into black metalli... read more
Granularity is an objective measure of the extent to which silver halide grains have clumped togethe... read more
A gray card is a card with an 18% gray tint, designed to provide a neutral reference for determining... read more
A grey level refers to one of the 256 tonal steps that make up a digital photograph. Each level repr... read more
A grey scale is a set of tones displayed in incremental steps from minimum to maximum density, rangi... read more
A ground glass screen is a translucent glass sheet used for viewing and focusing the image in large ... read more
A guide number indicates the output or power of an electronic flash. It provides a reference to help... read more
Gum arabic is a water-soluble natural gum obtained from the Acacia tree. In photography, it is used ... read more
Gum Bichromate is one of the most versatile alternative photographic processes, invented in 1855 and... read more
The Gum Platinum Process is a photographic printing technique that combines the textural qualities o... read more
A gyroscopic camera mount is a device that uses a gyroscope to stabilize a handheld or mounted camer... read more
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Hair Editor AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to modify, enhance, or style hair in phot... read more
Halation is a diffused ring of light that often appears around small, bright highlight areas in a ph... read more
A half frame negative is a photographic format measuring 18 x 24mm. Images are recorded on a vertica... read more
A half frame camera is designed to use 35mm film in a half frame format, producing images that measu... read more
Half plate is a traditional photographic format measuring 4 3/4x 6 1/2 inches. This size was common... read more
Halftone is a mechanical printing process used to reproduce continuous-tone images using ink. The te... read more
Halogens are a group of elements-chlorine, bromine, and iodine-that are combined with silver to form... read more
Hand colouring is the process of applying colour tints, usually in the form of paints or dyes, to a ... read more
A handgrip is a feature on many cameras that provides extra space for housing batteries and enhances... read more
A hanger is a frame used for holding sheet film during processing. It keeps the film securely in pla... read more
In photography, hard refers to an image that has high contrast and strong, harsh tones. Such images ... read more
A hard disk is the primary storage device in a computer where programs, files, and data are permanen... read more
A hard drive is a built-in or external storage device used to hold large amounts of digital data, in... read more
Hard gradation is a photographic term used to describe images with strong, abrupt tonal transitions ... read more
A hardener is a chemical used during the fixing stage of photographic processing to strengthen and t... read more
The chemicals often used with a fixing bath to strengthen the physical characteristics of an emulsio... read more
Hardware refers to the physical equipment used in computing and photography, such as computers, came... read more
A header is technical information embedded within an image file that provides important data about t... read more
Header info refers to the encoded instructions found at the beginning of a digital file that tell a ... read more
The Healing Brush is a retouching tool found in image-editing software such as Adobe Photoshop. It a... read more
A heat filter is an optical attachment, typically made of thick infrared-absorbing glass, designed t... read more
Heliography is one of the earliest photographic processes, invented by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. It u... read more
The Herschel effect refers to the deterioration or destruction of a photographic image caused by exp... read more
A hide is a camouflaged shelter used by natural history and wildlife photographers to observe and ph... read more
High art photography is a term used to describe an early form of artistic photography, where images ... read more
A high contrast developer is a chemical solution used in photographic processing to produce images w... read more
High Dynamic Range (HDR) refers to techniques in digital imaging that capture and display a greater ... read more
High key refers to a photographic style or scene dominated by delicate tones, soft lighting, and oft... read more
Highlights are the brightest or lightest areas of a photograph where the most light is reflected or ... read more
A high-resolution image is a digital photograph that contains a sufficient number of pixels per inch... read more
A Hill Cloud Lens is a specialized lens with a 180° angle of view, designed for photographing cloud ... read more
A histogram is a graphical representation of the tonal values in a digital photograph. The horizonta... read more
The Histogram Palette in Photoshop is a tool that allows photographers and editors to adjust the ton... read more
The History Palette in image-editing software, such as Photoshop, lists all the actions that have be... read more
HMI Hydrargyrum Medium Arc Iodide.
HMI, or Hydrargyrum Medium Arc Iodide, is a flicker-free, continuous light source designed for use w... read more
Holding back, also known as pull processing, is a photographic technique where the development time ... read more
Holography is a photographic system that does not use a traditional camera or lens. Instead, it empl... read more
A honeycomb is a studio lighting attachment that resembles a mesh of hexagonal cells. It is used wit... read more
The horizon is the line where the earth and sky appear to meet in a photograph. Its position can be ... read more
A host is a company that manages and stores website data, typically on its own secure server. Hostin... read more
A hot shoe is a mounting point located on the top of many cameras, designed to securely attach exter... read more
A hot spot is an area of excessive brightness on a subject caused by the concentrated central beam o... read more
The programming code used to create Web pages that can be written using a simple text processor if y... read more
Hue refers to the specific colour of a subject or light in a photograph. It is one of the fundamenta... read more
Hydrobromic acid is a chemical compound that can be released during the photographic development pro... read more
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical commonly used in photographic processing, particularly in hypo clear... read more
Hydroquinone is a chemical reducing agent widely used in photographic developers. It plays a key rol... read more
Hyperfocal distance is the closest distance at which a lens can be focused while keeping objects at ... read more
The hyperfocal point is the closest point to the camera that appears acceptably sharp when a lens is... read more
Hyperlinks are elements on a web page, typically text or graphics, that allow users to navigate from... read more
Hypersensitizing is a process used to increase the light sensitivity of a photographic emulsion befo... read more
Hypo is the common name for a photographic fixing bath made with sodium thiosulphate salts, historic... read more
A hypo eliminator is a chemical bath used in photographic processing to remove residual fixing agent... read more
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Image Extender AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to expand the borders of a photograph ... read more
Image Denoiser AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to reduce or remove digital noise from... read more
Image Cropper AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically crop photographs for o... read more
The "I setting" is a mark found on some simple or box cameras that indicates an instantaneous shutte... read more
The ICC, or International Colour Consortium, is an industry group that has developed and endorsed a ... read more
An icon is a small graphical representation on a computer screen that signifies a program, file, or ... read more
Icons are small thumbnail graphics displayed on a computer screen that represent files, folders, or ... read more
Ideal format refers to a film size with proportions of 4:3, such as 6 x 4.5 cm, which many manufactu... read more
Internal Focusing (IF) is a lens system in which only the internal lens elements move during focusin... read more
Ilfochrome, formerly known as Cibachrome, is a photographic printing process that produces high-qual... read more
Illuminance is a photographic term that quantifies the amount of light falling on a surface or subje... read more
In photography, an image is a two-dimensional representation of a real object, created by focusing r... read more
Image editing software is a program used to view, organise, catalogue, and enhance digital images. T... read more
Image manipulation is a digital photography term describing the use of computer software to alter, e... read more
The image plane is an imaginary flat surface inside a camera where a sharp image is formed after lig... read more
Image resolution refers to the amount of detail contained in a digital image, typically measured in ... read more
Image stabilisation is a technology used in cameras, lenses, camcorders, and binoculars to reduce th... read more
An imagesetter is a high-resolution output device that uses laser light to expose images onto photog... read more
Import refers to the process of bringing a file, such as an image or document, into a software appli... read more
Impressionism is an art movement in which painters moved away from traditional techniques of smooth,... read more
Incandescent light is a type of illumination produced by heating a material, typically a tungsten fi... read more
Incident light refers to the light that falls directly onto a subject from a light source, such as t... read more
An incident light attachment is an accessory for a handheld light meter that enables the device to m... read more
An incident light reading is the measurement of light falling directly on a subject, taken using a h... read more
An indicator chemical is a neutral substance added to a solution to reveal certain properties, such ... read more
Infectious development is a photographic process observed when developing "lith" materials, where th... read more
In photography, infinity refers to a focusing point at a very large distance, effectively representi... read more
Infinity mode is a camera setting that overrides automatic focusing and locks the lens focus at infi... read more
Infrared refers to the rays of light that lie beyond the red end of the visible electromagnetic spec... read more
The infrared compensation index is a camera adjustment used to correct focus when shooting black-and... read more
Infrared focus, often referred to in cameras as the IR setting, is the adjustment required when focu... read more
Ink jet is a non-impact printing technology in which tiny droplets of ink are ejected directly onto ... read more
An inkjet printer is a device that sprays tiny droplets of ink directly onto paper to produce high-r... read more
An Instamatic camera is a compact, easy-to-use camera that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s. De... read more
An instant picture camera is a type of camera, usually featuring simple controls, that produces a fi... read more
Instant-picture material is a type of photographic film or paper with built-in chemicals that allow ... read more
An integral tri-pack is a type of photographic film in which three separate emulsions, often with di... read more
In photography, integrating is a method of determining the correct exposure by averaging the light r... read more
Intensification is a chemical process used to increase the density of a photographic image on a nega... read more
An intensity scale is an exposure measurement system in which the duration of exposure remains const... read more
Interchangeable backs are a feature on some cameras that allow the photographer to switch film backs... read more
Interchangeable Focusing Screen
Many SLR and medium-format cameras feature interchangeable focusing screens, allowing photographers ... read more
An interchangeable lens system is a camera design that allows photographers to use lenses of differe... read more
Interchangeable lenses are lenses that can be detached from a camera and replaced with another lens,... read more
An interchangeable viewfinder is a camera feature that allows photographers to swap the standard vie... read more
Interference in photography and optics refers to the phenomenon that occurs when two or more light w... read more
Interleaving is a darkroom technique in which multiple sheets of photographic paper are agitated tog... read more
The intermittency effect occurs when several short, separate exposures do not produce the same photo... read more
An internegative is a colour negative created from an original colour transparency (slide) in order ... read more
The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that allows users to access information... read more
Interpolation is a digital imaging process used to enlarge a picture by adding new pixels to the exi... read more
The intersection of thirds is a compositional technique in photography where the image is divided in... read more
Interspersed aspect ratio refers to a specification used in the Advanced Photo System (APS) for cert... read more
The inverse square law is a fundamental principle in photography and lighting, stating that the inte... read more
In digital imaging software such as Photoshop, to invert an image means to transform it into its neg... read more
An inverted telephoto lens is a specialized lens design that provides a short focal length while mai... read more
Iodine is a chemical element commonly used in photographic processing, particularly in reducers and ... read more
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier assigned to every computer or device connec... read more
The IR (infrared) focus setting is a small red marking on a camera lens focus scale, used to adjust ... read more
IR, or infrared, refers to wavelengths of light that are longer than approximately 720 nm and are in... read more
The IR (infrared) setting is a red marking found on many camera lens mounts that indicates the focus... read more
An iris diaphragm is a type of continuously adjustable lens aperture made from overlapping metal lea... read more
In photography, irradiation refers to the scattering of light rays as they pass through the photogra... read more
IS, or Image Stabilizer, is a camera or lens feature designed to reduce the effects of camera shake,... read more
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
ISDN is a type of digital telephone connection that allows voice, data, and video to be transmitted ... read more
ISO, or International Standards Organization, is the standard used to denote film and digital sensor... read more
ISO-9660 is a standard file system format developed for CD-ROMs, commonly using the CD-XA (Compact D... read more
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
An ISP, or Internet Service Provider, is a company that provides access to the Internet. ISPs allow ... read more
Ivorytype is an obsolete photographic printing process designed to mimic the look of a painting on i... read more
IX, or Information Exchange, is a feature of Advanced Photo System (APS) film that allows the film t... read more
Industrial photography documents factories, machinery, manufacturing processes, and work environment... read more
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Jaggies is an informal slang term used in digital photography and image editing to describe the visu... read more
Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems ... read more
JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted scripting language originally developed by Netscape Communi... read more
JCII (Japan Camera Inspection and Testing Institute)
The Japan Camera Inspection and Testing Institute, commonly known by its abbreviation JCII, is an in... read more
A Joule, also expressed as a Watt-second, is the standard unit of measurement used to indicate the e... read more
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
JPEG, which takes its name from the Joint Photographic Experts Group committee that developed and st... read more
JPEG2000 is an advanced image compression standard developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group... read more
Java Server Pages, commonly abbreviated to JSP, is a server-side web development technology that all... read more
In the context of digital photography and imaging, a jukebox is a high capacity automated storage de... read more
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K14 is the proprietary chemical process developed and used exclusively by Kodak for processing Kodac... read more
Kallitype is a historic photographic printing process developed in 1889 by W.W.J. Nicol, based on th... read more
Kelvin is a unit of measurement on the absolute temperature scale, named after the Scottish physicis... read more
Kernel size is a term used in digital image processing to describe the number of pixels sampled and ... read more
Kerning is a typographic term referring to the adjustment of the spacing between individual pairs of... read more
A Kerr cell is a highly specialised electro-optical shutter device capable of operating at extraordi... read more
The key light is the primary and dominant light source used in a studio or controlled lighting setup... read more
Keyed emulsion sensitivity is a photographic term used to describe the carefully engineered colour r... read more
Keylight is an alternative single-word spelling of key light, referring to the main or primary light... read more
Keystoning is a form of geometric distortion that occurs when the optical axis of a projector, camer... read more
A kilobyte is a unit of digital data storage equal to 1024 bytes, and represents one of the fundamen... read more
A kilowatt is a unit of electrical power equal to one thousand watts, and is used in photography pri... read more
In photography, the term kinetic refers to anything concerned with, relating to, or expressing movem... read more
Knifing is a traditional photographic retouching technique used to remove unwanted marks, blemishes,... read more
The Kostinsky effect is a localised chemical development phenomenon that causes dense, heavily expos... read more
The Kromskop was an early optical viewing instrument invented by the American photographer and inven... read more
LAB colour, also written as Lab* or CIELAB, is a device independent colour space developed by the In... read more
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Lint Remover AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically detect and remove small... read more
Lag time, also commonly referred to as shutter lag, is the delay that occurs between the moment the ... read more
Lamp is a general photographic term used to describe the wide variety of artificial light sources em... read more
Lamp black is one of the oldest and most widely used black pigments in human history, produced by co... read more
The lamp house is the enclosed, light tight upper housing of a photographic enlarger or projector th... read more
A Local Area Network, universally known by its abbreviation LAN, is a system of interconnected compu... read more
Landscape scene mode is a dedicated automatic exposure mode found on many digital cameras that optim... read more
Lantern slides are an early and historically significant form of photographic transparency, produced... read more
A large format camera is a professional photographic instrument that uses individual sheets of film ... read more
Laser is an acronym standing for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, describing... read more
A laser printer is a digital output device that uses a dry toner based electrophotographic process t... read more
The Lasso is a fundamental selection tool found in Adobe Photoshop and many other image editing appl... read more
Latensification is a specialised photographic technique used to increase the effective speed of a fi... read more
A latent image is the invisible, undeveloped image formed within a photographic emulsion at the mome... read more
Lateral reversal is a photographic and optical term describing the mirror image transposition of a s... read more
Latitude, in photographic terms, refers to the degree by which the exposure given to a film or digit... read more
Layers are one of the most powerful and fundamental features of professional image editing software ... read more
A layout is a structured arrangement of text, photographs, graphics, illustrations, and other visual... read more
A Liquid Crystal Display, universally known by its abbreviation LCD, is a thin, flat electronic disp... read more
An LCD monitor, in the context of digital photography, refers to the colour liquid crystal display s... read more
Lead acetate crystalline is a white, water soluble chemical compound consisting of crystalline powde... read more
The leader is the short length of film at the very beginning of a roll of film that extends beyond t... read more
A leaf shutter is a type of camera shutter mechanism consisting of a series of thin, overlapping met... read more
A Light-Emitting Diode, universally known by its abbreviation LED, is a solid state electronic semic... read more
Leg bracing refers to a system of rigid or adjustable structural supports that connect the individua... read more
Leg locks are the securing mechanisms fitted to the extendable leg sections of tripods and monopods ... read more
A lens is an optical device consisting of one or more transparent elements made from optical glass o... read more
The lens barrel is the cylindrical outer housing of a photographic lens, typically constructed from ... read more
A lens cap is a protective cover designed to fit securely over the front or rear of a photographic l... read more
Lens coating refers to the application of one or more extremely thin, transparent layers of metallic... read more
A lens drive system is the mechanical or electromechanical arrangement used in autofocus SLR and oth... read more
Lens elements are the individual pieces of precision optical glass - or in some cases optical plasti... read more
A lens hood, also commonly referred to as a lens shade, is an accessory fitted to the front of a pho... read more
Lens range refers to the focal length or range of focal lengths of the lens supplied with a camera a... read more
Lens shade is an alternative term for lens hood, referring to the rubber, plastic, or metal accessor... read more
A lens shutter camera is a camera in which the shutter mechanism is built directly into the lens ass... read more
Lens speed is a term used to describe the maximum aperture of a photographic lens - the largest open... read more
A lens system refers to the complete range of interchangeable lenses and associated optical accessor... read more
A lenticular screen is an optical device consisting of a transparent sheet or panel into which a reg... read more
Light is the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum - the narrow band of radiated energy to... read more
A light meter, also commonly referred to as an exposure meter, is a device containing a light sensit... read more
Light sources is a broad general term encompassing any natural or artificial source of illumination ... read more
A light tent is a three dimensional enclosure constructed from a lightweight frame over which a tran... read more
A light trail is the continuous luminous streak or track recorded on film or a digital sensor when a... read more
A light trap is a system or device used in darkrooms to allow people or materials to enter while pre... read more
Light Value (LV) is another term for Exposure Value (EV), a numerical system used to represent a com... read more
A lightbox is a device consisting of a box with fluorescent tubes balanced for white light, covered ... read more
Lighting ratio is the numerical relationship between the brightest (highlight) and darkest (shadow) ... read more
Limiting aperture refers to the actual size of the opening created by a lens's iris diaphragm at a g... read more
Line art refers to images composed entirely of white pixels and a single colour, typically represent... read more
Line film is a high-contrast photographic film designed to produce negatives consisting entirely of ... read more
A line image is a high-contrast photographic or digital image that resembles a pen-and-ink sketch. T... read more
A line pair, often abbreviated as 1p, consists of two black parallel lines separated by a white spac... read more
A linear array is a type of CCD (charge-coupled device) used in flatbed scanners and high-end camera... read more
Linear perspective is a compositional technique that creates the illusion of depth in a photograph o... read more
Linearity refers to the extent to which the output of a system or device is directly proportional to... read more
The Linked Ring Brotherhood was a group of pictorialist photographers who broke away from the Photog... read more
The Lippmann process is an early colour photographic technique invented by Professor Gabriel Lippman... read more
Lith film is a high-contrast photographic film designed to produce negatives with intense blacks and... read more
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are rechargeable cells widely used in modern cameras, camcorders, and... read more
Local control is a photographic printing technique used to adjust the exposure of specific areas of ... read more
Log e refers to the logarithmic value (to the base 10) of the relative brightness that a photographi... read more
A long-focus lens is a lens with a focal length significantly greater than the diagonal measurement ... read more
Lossless compression is a digital image-compression method that preserves all original image data. F... read more
Lossy compression is a digital image-compression method in which some image data (pixels) is discard... read more
Low key refers to a photographic style where the image is dominated by dark tones and shadows, often... read more
LPI, or Lines Per Inch, is a measure of resolution commonly used in printing and halftone processes.... read more
A lumen is a unit of measurement that quantifies the total amount of visible light emitted or fallin... read more
A lumen second is a unit used to measure the total light output of a photographic source over a peri... read more
Luminance is the measurable amount of light that is emitted, transmitted, or reflected from a surfac... read more
A luminance meter, also known as an exposure meter, is a device used to measure the brightness or li... read more
Luminence refers to the amount of light produced, transmitted, or reflected in a scene. It quantifie... read more
Luminescence is the visible light emitted by a surface when it is exposed to invisible radiation, su... read more
Luminosity refers to the perceived brightness of a light source or a reflective surface. It is a key... read more
Luminous flux is a measure of the total amount of visible light emitted by a source per unit of time... read more
Lux is a unit of measurement that quantifies the intensity of light falling on a surface. One lux is... read more
LZW, short for Lempel-Ziv-Welch, is a lossless data compression algorithm commonly used to reduce th... read more
Landscape photography focuses on capturing the beauty, scale, and mood of natural or urban environme... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Mask Feather refers to the softening of the edges of a mask in photo editing, creating a gradual tra... read more
Makeup Editor AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to apply, enhance, or modify makeup in ... read more
Masking Editor AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to create, refine, and edit masks in p... read more
8mm refers to a motion picture and video tape format that was widely used for amateur and profession... read more
M Sync refers to a flash synchronization connection found on some older cameras, designed specifical... read more
A Mackie line is a photographic effect that appears as a light or bright line along the boundaries o... read more
Macro refers to a camera or lens focusing mode that allows photographers to take close-up pictures o... read more
A macro attachment is a supplementary optical element that is mounted on the front of a standard cam... read more
A macro lens is a camera lens specifically designed to provide optimum resolution and sharpness at v... read more
Macrophotography is a style of photography that captures subjects at a scale larger than their actua... read more
In photography, a magazine is a light-tight container used to hold roll film or sheet film within a ... read more
Magenta is a secondary color in the RGB color model, composed of red and blue light, and is the comp... read more
The Magic Wand is a selection tool in Adobe Photoshop that allows users to select portions of an ima... read more
Magnetic coating refers to a thin, invisible layer applied to APS (Advanced Photo System) film that ... read more
Magnification in binoculars refers to how much larger a lens makes a distant object appear compared ... read more
Manual exposure is a camera mode in which the photographer sets both the shutter speed and aperture ... read more
Manual focus is a method of adjusting a camera lens to achieve sharp focus by either rotating the le... read more
Manual override is a camera feature that allows the photographer to take full control of exposure se... read more
A marquee is a selection tool found in most image editing programs, such as Adobe Photoshop, that al... read more
A mask is an image editing tool used to selectively protect or isolate parts of a digital image. By ... read more
Masking is a technique used in photography and image editing to control negative density ranges or c... read more
A masking frame, also known as an enlarging easel, is an adjustable frame used to hold photographic ... read more
Mastic varnish is a type of protective coating applied to photographic negatives to preserve their s... read more
A mat is a cardboard or paperboard frame with a rectangular or oval window, placed over a photograph... read more
In photography, a matrix is a relief image, often made from gelatin, used in specialized printing pr... read more
A matrix array is the grid of light-sensitive sensors on a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) used in digit... read more
Matt refers to a dull or non-glossy paper finish used in photography and printing. Unlike glossy pap... read more
A matte box is a masking device used in photography and cinematography to control the framing of an ... read more
A matte field is a granular, textured surface used in a camera's viewfinder optical system to disper... read more
Maximum aperture refers to the widest lens opening that can be selected on a camera, allowing the gr... read more
Multiple exposure (ME) is a camera mode that allows two or more images to be recorded on the same po... read more
A medium-format camera uses roll film with a width of around 6 cm, producing larger negatives than s... read more
A megapixel is equivalent to one million pixels and is a common measure of a digital camera sensor's... read more
A megabyte (Mb) is a unit of digital information storage equivalent to 1,024 kilobytes (KB) or 1,048... read more
Memory, often referred to as RAM (Random Access Memory), is the part of a computer that temporarily ... read more
A memory card is a removable storage device used in most digital cameras to store images and videos.... read more
MemoryStick is a removable memory card format introduced by Sony, used for storing digital images, v... read more
A meniscus lens is a simple optical lens made from a single piece of glass, thicker at the center th... read more
Mercuric chloride is a chemical compound used in certain types of photographic intensifiers to incre... read more
A mercury vapor lamp is an artificial light source that produces illumination by passing an electric... read more
Metadata is information embedded in or associated with a digital image that provides details about t... read more
A metafile is a type of computer file that contains both image data and instructions for rendering t... read more
A metal print is a photographic image produced directly on a sensitized metal surface, often aluminu... read more
Metering modes are the methods a camera or exposure meter uses to measure light in a scene to determ... read more
Methyl alcohol, also known as wood alcohol, is a volatile and poisonous chemical used in some photog... read more
Metol is a photographic reducing agent commonly used in black-and-white developers. It works gently,... read more
Metolquinone is a photographic developing agent that combines metol and hydroquinone, commonly used ... read more
Micro Dry technology is a photographic printing method developed by the Irish manufacturer Alps. It ... read more
A micro lens is a specialized lens designed for microscopic photography, allowing detailed imaging o... read more
Microfiche is a sheet of microfilm containing miniature photographic images of documents, often used... read more
Microfilm is a photographic film used to create a miniature, durable record of documents, newspapers... read more
Microflash is an electronic flash that emits a very short burst of light, specifically designed to i... read more
A micron, is a unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter (0.000001 m). It is commonly used in... read more
Microphotography is the process of producing extremely small photographs, often intended for storage... read more
A microprism collar is a grid-like ring located in the center of a cameras focusing screen, typicall... read more
A midtone is a tone that falls between the highlights and shadows in a scene, representing the middl... read more
A millimicron is a unit of length equal to one thousandth of a micron (or micrometre), making it an ... read more
A miniature camera is a term used to describe cameras that have a format size smaller than 35mm, oft... read more
The minimum aperture of a camera lens refers to the smallest f-stop setting that can be selected, al... read more
Mired (Micro-reciprocal Degree)
A mired, or micro-reciprocal degree, is a unit used to measure the colour of light. It is calculated... read more
A mired shift refers to the adjustment of a light sources colour using filters, often Wratten filter... read more
A mirror box is the compartment within a camera that houses one or more mirrors, typically angled to... read more
A mirror lens, technically called a catadioptric lens, features a unique construction that combines ... read more
Mirror lock is a camera feature that allows the viewing mirror to be locked in the up position while... read more
In photography, a mode refers to the primary operating function of a camera, particularly on SLR and... read more
A modelling light is a continuous light source positioned near an electronic flash, allowing photogr... read more
A modelscope is a specialized photographic device that uses a short, rigid endoscope fitted with a r... read more
A modem, short for MOdulator/DEModulator, is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line, ... read more
A modular enlarger is a photographic enlarging device that features interchangeable filtration heads... read more
Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)
The modulation transfer function (MTF) is a measure used to evaluate lens performance by comparing t... read more
A moire pattern is a coarse, often cross-shaped pattern that can appear when scanning photographs pr... read more
A monitor is the display screen of a computer, available in a range of sizes, typically from 14 inch... read more
A monobath is a single chemical solution that combines both the developer and fixer for processing b... read more
A monobloc flash is a studio lighting unit in which the flash tube, power supply, and charging circu... read more
Monochromatic light consists of rays that have a single wavelength, producing a uniform colour witho... read more
Monochrome refers to images that consist of a single colour or shades of a single colour. In photogr... read more
Monopack is a historical photographic term referring to a type of film-carrying system that was used... read more
A monorail camera is a type of sheet film camera built with a modular construction and mounted on a ... read more
A montage is a composite image created by combining multiple photographs into a single picture. This... read more
A mordant is a colourless chemical substance used in certain photographic toning processes that has ... read more
Morphing is a digital image and video manipulation technique that creates a smooth, seamless transfo... read more
A photographic mosaic is a composite image assembled from a collection of individual photographs arr... read more
The motherboard is the primary and most fundamental circuit board within a computer system, serving ... read more
A motor drive is an automatic film advance mechanism that attaches to or is built into a film camera... read more
Mottle is a photographic processing fault that manifests as irregular, randomly distributed variatio... read more
A mount is a frame, backing, or enclosing structure used to support, protect, display, and present p... read more
A mounting press is a specialist piece of equipment used in photographic print finishing and present... read more
Mounting tissue is a thin, lightweight paper or web material coated on both sides with a heat activa... read more
Multi Point Autofocus, commonly abbreviated to MPAF, is an advanced autofocus system found on many m... read more
MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group)
MPEG, which takes its name from the Motion Picture Experts Group - the international committee of en... read more
MQ and PQ developers are two closely related categories of photographic developing solution, each na... read more
MTF (Modulation Transfer Function)
Modulation Transfer Function, universally abbreviated to MTF, is a comprehensive and mathematically ... read more
Multi band photography, also referred to as multispectral photography, is a specialised form of aeri... read more
Multimedia is a broad term describing any form of communication, presentation, or content delivery t... read more
A multimode camera is a 35mm film camera - or by extension any camera - that offers the photographer... read more
Multi-pattern metering, also widely referred to as matrix metering or evaluative metering depending ... read more
Multiple exposure is a photographic technique in which two or more separate exposures are recorded o... read more
Multiple flash is a photographic lighting technique in which a flash unit is fired two or more times... read more
Multipoint autofocus is a camera focusing system that employs multiple focus detection points distri... read more
Multitasking is the ability of a computer operating system to manage and execute multiple programs o... read more
The Munsell system is a standardised method of precisely describing, classifying, and communicating ... read more
Museum scene mode is a specialist automatic shooting mode found on certain Nikon Coolpix digital cam... read more
A mirrorless camera is a type of digital camera that, unlike a traditional digital single lens refle... read more
Maternity photography captures the beauty and anticipation of pregnancy, emphasizing the unique phys... read more
Macro photography involves extreme close-ups of small subjects, such as insects, plants, textures, o... read more
Medical photography documents injuries, surgical procedures, clinical conditions, and anatomy for ed... read more
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Nadar was the professional pseudonym adopted by the celebrated French photographer, caricaturist, jo... read more
A nanometer is an extremely small unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a m... read more
A nanosecond is a unit of time equal to one billionth of a second - that is, one thousand millionth ... read more
Naphtha is a general term describing a group of volatile, flammable, petroleum derived hydrocarbon s... read more
ND is the universally used abbreviation for neutral density, referring to a category of optical filt... read more
A neutral density filter is a colourless, optically grey filter designed to reduce the intensity of ... read more
Near ultraviolet refers to the band of electromagnetic radiation occupying the region of the spectru... read more
A negative is the primary photographic image produced on a light sensitive emulsion - coated on a tr... read more
A negative carrier is a precision made holder designed to support and position a negative securely a... read more
A negative lens is an optical element that is thinner at its centre than at its edges - a concave fo... read more
Negative/positive paper is a type of colour photographic printing paper specifically designed and se... read more
Neo coccine is a synthetic red dye belonging to the azo dye family that has been used in traditional... read more
Neutral filtration is a colour printing term describing the specific combination and density of colo... read more
A neutralizer is a chemical solution formulated to counteract, chemically deactivate, or render inac... read more
New Objectivity, known in German as Neue Sachlichkeit, was an influential artistic and photographic ... read more
New Realism is an alternative name used to describe the photographic and artistic movement more wide... read more
Newton's rings are a thin film optical interference phenomenon manifesting as a series of concentric... read more
Nickel cadmium, universally abbreviated to NiCad or NiCd, is a rechargeable battery technology that ... read more
Night landscape scene mode is a dedicated automatic exposure mode found on many digital cameras that... read more
Nitraphot is a type of tungsten filament photographic lamp designed for use in studio and location p... read more
Nitrate base, more formally known as cellulose nitrate, was the first flexible transparent film supp... read more
In photographic emulsion manufacture, nitric acid plays a role in the preparation of silver nitrate ... read more
A nodal plane is an imaginary flat surface passing perpendicularly through the optical axis of a len... read more
Nodal points are two specific reference positions on the optical axis of a lens system - designated ... read more
Noise is an unwanted visual artefact in digital photography and scanning, manifesting as random, irr... read more
Non-silver processes are photographic image-making techniques that do not rely on metallic silver to... read more
Non-substantive is a term used to describe colour film in which the colour couplers are not incorpor... read more
A normal lens, often referred to as a standard lens, has a focal length approximately equal to the d... read more
A notch is a small V- or U-shaped cut made into the edge of sheet film. It serves as a tactile guide... read more
A notching code refers to a series of shaped cuts along the edge of sheet film that identify the spe... read more
Newborn and baby photography focuses on capturing the earliest stages of a child’s life with care an... read more
Photojournalism focuses on documenting news and current events objectively, often under time-sensiti... read more
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Open Eyes AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to detect closed or partially closed eyes i... read more
Outfit Extractor AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to identify and isolate clothing and... read more
Object Remover AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically detect and remove unw... read more
Old Photo Restoration AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to repair and enhance damaged, ... read more
An objective is the primary lens positioned closest to the subject or specimen in optical instrument... read more
The objective lens is the lens positioned furthest from the eye in optical devices such as binocular... read more
OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
OCR, or Optical Character Recognition, is a technology that converts text within a bitmapped image-m... read more
Off-the-film metering (OTF) is a metering system that determines correct exposure by measuring the l... read more
Offset lithography is a widely used printing process for producing high volumes of materials such as... read more
An overhead projector (OHP) is a device featuring a lightbox, mirror, and lens system that allows us... read more
Oil reinforcement is a darkroom technique used to enhance the tonal range of prints on matte or text... read more
A one-shot colour camera is an early, now largely obsolete, plate camera designed to create three se... read more
A one-shot camera, also known as a single-use camera, is a basic point-and-shoot camera with preload... read more
A one-shot developer is a photographic chemical solution used to develop film or paper that is inten... read more
Opacity refers to the density or transparency of a material, such as photographic film, filters, or ... read more
An opal lamp is a type of filament light bulb enclosed in opal glass, which diffuses the light evenl... read more
Opalescent describes a material that has a cloudy, white, translucent appearance, similar to the loo... read more
Opalotype is an obsolete photographic printing process in which a carbon-based image is transferred ... read more
An opaque liquid is a dense pigment, typically red or black, dissolved in water to create a liquid p... read more
Open flash is a method of flash photography where the sequence of operation involves opening the cam... read more
Opening up refers to increasing the size of a cameras lens aperture or decreasing the shutter speed ... read more
The optical axis is an imaginary straight line that passes horizontally through the centre of a comp... read more
An optical bench is a precision device used to measure and evaluate the performance of lenses and ot... read more
Optical density is a technical measurement of how much light is blocked by a material, such as photo... read more
Optical glass is a high-quality glass specifically manufactured for use in lenses, prisms, and other... read more
Optical resolution refers to the true pixel-capturing capability of a digital imaging device, such a... read more
An optical scanner is a device that converts images from reflective surfaces, such as photographs or... read more
Optical sensitizing is a photographic technique used to increase a films sensitivity to specific wav... read more
An optical viewfinder is the small window on a camera through which the photographer looks to frame ... read more
An optical wedge is a strip of material that is clear at one end and gradually becomes more opaque t... read more
Optical zoom refers to a camera lens that can be adjusted to change its focal length, allowing the p... read more
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour, properties, and interactions of light. I... read more
Optimising refers to the process of adjusting a digital images data without removing pixels, to make... read more
Ordinary emulsion refers to a photographic emulsion that is naturally sensitive only to ultraviolet ... read more
Orthophenylene diamine, often abbreviated as OPD, is a fine-grain developing agent used in photograp... read more
Ortho, short for orthochromatic, refers to a type of black-and-white film that is sensitive to all c... read more
Orthochromatic describes a photographic emulsion that is sensitive to blue and green light but insen... read more
OTF, or Off the Film, refers to a metering method in which exposure is measured directly from the li... read more
In photography and digital imaging, output refers to a print, transparency, or other physical reprod... read more
Output resolution refers to the level of detail and clarity with which an image is displayed or prin... read more
Over development is a photographic term describing a situation where film or paper has been develope... read more
Over exposure is a photographic term used when light-sensitive material, such as film or a digital s... read more
An over run lamp is a tungsten light source designed to operate at a higher voltage than standard, p... read more
Oversampling is the process of scanning or capturing an image at a higher resolution than the optimu... read more
Oxalic acid is a white, water-soluble crystalline substance commonly used in photographic toning pro... read more
Oxidation is a chemical process in which a substance loses its activity or electrons due to exposure... read more
An oxidation product is a chemical compound formed when a colour developer reacts during the photogr... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Portrait Retouching AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to enhance and refine portraits a... read more
People Remover AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically detect and remove peo... read more
Photo Sharpener AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to enhance the clarity and detail of ... read more
Photo Straightener AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically correct tilted or... read more
Perspective Tool AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to correct or adjust the perspective... read more
Photo Enhancer AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically improve the overall q... read more
Pet Leash Remover AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically detect and remove ... read more
Painting with light is a creative and practical photographic technique in which a camera mounted on ... read more
A pan and tilt head is the most widely used type of tripod head, designed to allow the camera to be ... read more
Panchromatic film is a type of black and white photographic film whose emulsion is sensitised to res... read more
A panchromatic vision filter is a photographic filter that allows a photographer to view a scene rou... read more
Panning is a photographic technique used to capture moving subjects with a sense of motion. During e... read more
A panorama is a wide, continuous image that captures an expansive view of a scene, often a landscape... read more
Panorama assist mode is a feature found on many digital cameras that helps photographers create wide... read more
A panoramic camera is a specialized camera designed to capture wide, elongated images by using more ... read more
Panoramic mode is a camera setting found on many compact cameras and some SLRs that masks the film o... read more
Paper base refers to the physical support material on which photographic emulsion is coated for prin... read more
A paper characteristic curve is a graphical representation showing the relationship between exposure... read more
Paper grade is a numerical and descriptive system used to indicate the contrast level of photographi... read more
A paper safe is a light-tight container designed to store unexposed photographic paper safely. It ty... read more
A parabolic mirror is a reflector made of silvered glass or metal with a parabolic axial cross-secti... read more
Parallax is the difference in perspective between a cameras optical viewfinder and its taking lens. ... read more
A parallel cable is a type of connection used to link a computer to another device, typically a prin... read more
A parallel port, also known as an LPT port, is a connector on a computer that allows communication w... read more
Parallel processing is a computing technique where multiple processors or CPU segments work simultan... read more
Paraphenylenediamine is a chemical reducing agent commonly used in certain fine-grain and colour pho... read more
Paraphotography is a general term used to describe photographic processes that do not rely on silver... read more
Paraxial refers to the light rays that travel close to and nearly parallel with the optical axis of ... read more
Partial metering is a camera metering mode that measures exposure from a small portion of the scene,... read more
Party or indoor scene mode is an automatic camera setting designed for low-light situations, such as... read more
Passive autofocusing is a camera focusing system that determines focus by measuring the contrast of ... read more
A patch chart is a test strip or chart composed of a series of coloured or grey squares, commonly us... read more
In digital imaging, a path is a vector-based outline or overlay that sits on top of an image, allowi... read more
Paths are vector-based outlines created around a subject using a Pen tool in image editing software.... read more
A PC, or Perspective Control lens, is also known as a shift lens. It features a front element that c... read more
PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)
PCMCIA stands for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. In photography, it refers... read more
PCT stands for Photo Colour Transfer, a photographic process in which the colours from one image are... read more
PCX is a raster image file format commonly used on IBM PC-compatible computers. Most PC software sup... read more
PDF (Portable Document Format)
PDF, or Portable Document Format, is an electronic file format developed by Adobe that preserves the... read more
PEC stands for Photo Electric Cell, a device that converts light into electrical energy. In photogra... read more
A pellicle is a very thin, semi-transparent film used in some one-shot colour cameras as a semi-refl... read more
A pentaprism is a multi-sided glass prism housed in the top "roof" section of a single-lens reflex (... read more
A percentage solution is a liquid mixture in which a specific quantity of a substance is dissolved i... read more
Perforations are precisely spaced holes punched along the edges of photographic film, primarily used... read more
In photography and computing, a peripheral refers to any accessory or device that connects to a comp... read more
Periphery photography is a specialised photographic technique used to capture the entire inner or ou... read more
Permanence tests are methods used to determine whether a photographic image will maintain its qualit... read more
In photography and visual art, perspective refers to the relationship of size, shape, and spatial po... read more
The Petzval lens is an early photographic lens system developed by Joseph Petzval in the 19th centur... read more
pH is a scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14. It is d... read more
Phenidone is a chemical reducing agent commonly used in photographic developers, particularly in fin... read more
Phenol varnish is a type of resin-based coating used in photography and other crafts to create a har... read more
Phosphor is a chemical substance applied to the inner surface of display screens, such as computer m... read more
Phosphorescence is the property of certain materials to absorb light at one wavelength and re-emit i... read more
Phosphotophotography is a photographic technique that involves projecting an infrared image onto a p... read more
Photo colour transfer is a photographic technique used to create colour enlargements from a full-siz... read more
A photo diode is a semiconductor device that detects light and converts it into an electrical curren... read more
Photoelasticity is a technique used to study and visualize stress patterns in transparent materials ... read more
A photoelectric cell is a light-sensitive device used to measure or respond to light, commonly found... read more
Photo engraving is a process for creating a relief printing surface using photographic techniques co... read more
Photo etching is a photographic process in which an image is contact-printed onto a presensitized zi... read more
A photo file index print is a contact sheet that displays a small, positive "thumbnail" version of e... read more
Photo reportage is the use of photography to document real events, often for newspapers, magazines, ... read more
Photo silkscreening is a printing technique that uses a photographic process to create stencils for ... read more
Photo telegraphy is a method of transmitting photographs or images between two locations using radio... read more
A photo transistor is a light-sensitive electronic component that functions like a switch, allowing ... read more
PhotoCD is a digital image storage format developed by Kodak that allows photographs to be stored at... read more
A photoflood is a bright tungsten studio bulb with a colour temperature of approximately 3400K, trad... read more
Photogenic drawing was the original term used by William Fox Talbot to describe his earliest photogr... read more
A photogram is a photographic image created by placing an object directly onto light-sensitive paper... read more
Photogrammetry is the technique of obtaining accurate measurements and spatial information from phot... read more
Photography literally means "writing or drawing with light," derived from the Greek words photos (li... read more
Photogravure is a printing process that produces high-quality photographic images from an etched cop... read more
A photolamp is a tungsten filament photographic lamp featuring a large, diffused bulb, typically pro... read more
Photolinen is a composite material made by laminating linen and paper, which is then coated with a b... read more
Photolithography is a printing technique that combines photography with traditional lithography to p... read more
Photomacrography is the practice of capturing extremely close-up photographs, typically using bellow... read more
A photometer is an instrument used to measure the intensity of light reflected from a surface. It wo... read more
Photomicrography is the technique of taking photographs through a microscope using a camera attachme... read more
A photomultiplier tube is a highly sensitive light-detecting device used in imaging systems such as ... read more
A photon is a fundamental particle of light, representing the smallest discrete unit of radiant ener... read more
Photoshop is a professional digital image editing and manipulation software widely used by photograp... read more
A photosite is the light-sensitive element on a digital camera sensor, such as a CCD (Charge-Coupled... read more
PHP, which stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used server-side scripting language d... read more
Physical development is a photographic process in which silver particles are suspended in a develope... read more
A physiogram is a photographic image created by moving a controlled point of light over a light-sens... read more
PICT is a graphics file format developed for Macintosh computers, primarily used to store bitmap ima... read more
A pictorialist is a photographer who creates images emphasizing beauty, atmosphere, and artistic exp... read more
A piezo electric flash is a small photographic flash bulb, often housed in flash cubes, that can be ... read more
A pigment is a colouring substance that is insoluble in the liquid medium with which it is combined.... read more
Pigment processes are photographic printing methods that create positive images by exploiting the li... read more
Pinacryptol refers to yellow and green dye powders commonly used in photographic desensitizing solut... read more
Pincushion distortion is a type of lens aberration in which the edges of an image appear to bow inwa... read more
A pinhole camera is a simple photographic device that has no lens and uses a tiny hole to project li... read more
A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest individual unit of a digital image. Each pixel... read more
Pixel dropping is a subsampling technique used in digital imaging to reduce the total number of pixe... read more
Pixel modulation is a printing technique in which the brightness or tonal value of an image is contr... read more
Pixellation occurs when the individual pixels of a digital image become visible to the naked eye, of... read more
Pixels, short for “picture elements,” are the tiny individual squares of light that collectively for... read more
In photography and optics, a plane is an imaginary flat surface on which image points lie or a surfa... read more
A plasma display is a type of flat-panel screen that contains gas sealed between two glass panels. W... read more
A plate camera is a type of camera originally designed to use glass photographic plates as the image... read more
The platen is the flat glass scanning surface found on a flatbed scanner where photographs, document... read more
In early photography, plates were sheets of glass coated with a light-sensitive emulsion used to cap... read more
In computing and digital photography, the term platform refers to the specific type of computer syst... read more
Platinotype, also known as platinum printing or the platinum process, is a historic photographic con... read more
Plug and Play is a computing standard and design philosophy developed to allow peripheral devices - ... read more
A plug-in is a modular software component that integrates with and extends the capabilities of an ex... read more
A Photo Multiplier Tube, universally abbreviated to PMT, is a highly sensitive vacuum tube based lig... read more
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
PNG, an acronym standing for Portable Network Graphics, is a digital image file format developed in ... read more
A point and scroll mouse is a computer input device that combines the standard pointing and clicking... read more
A point source lamp is a type of arc lamp that produces light by passing an electrical current acros... read more
Pola screen is an alternative photographic term used to describe a polarizing filter - the optical f... read more
Polarization is a fundamental property of light that describes the orientation of the transverse wav... read more
Polarized light is light in which the electromagnetic wave vibrations are constrained to occur in a ... read more
A polarizing filter is an optical filter accessory that appears neutral grey in colour and is mounte... read more
A Polaroid back is a specialist film holder accessory named after the Polaroid Corporation, the pion... read more
A Polaroid camera is a type of instant picture camera designed and manufactured specifically to use ... read more
Polycontrast is the proprietary brand name used by Kodak for its range of variable contrast black an... read more
A Porro prism is an optical glass prism designed to reflect a beam of light through a total of 180 d... read more
A portrait lens is a photographic lens designed and optimised specifically for the demands of portra... read more
Portrait scene mode is a dedicated automatic exposure mode found on many compact, bridge, and interc... read more
A positive is a photographic image in which the tonal values and, in colour materials, the colours o... read more
A positive lens is an optical element that is thicker at its centre than at its edges - a convex for... read more
Positive/positive printing is a photographic darkroom process in which a colour transparency - a pos... read more
Posterization is a photographic and image processing technique that reduces the continuous, smoothly... read more
PostScript is a specialised page description language developed by Adobe Systems and first introduce... read more
Potassium bichromate, also correctly known as potassium dichromate, is an inorganic chemical compoun... read more
Potassium bromide is an inorganic salt compound with the chemical formula KBr, appearing as white cr... read more
Potassium carbonate is an inorganic alkaline compound with the chemical formula K2CO3, occurring as ... read more
Potassium chloride is an inorganic salt compound with the chemical formula KCl, appearing as white c... read more
Potassium citrate is the potassium salt of citric acid, with the chemical formula K3C6H5O7, appearin... read more
Potassium dichromate is the correct and preferred systematic chemical name for the compound also wid... read more
Potassium ferricyanide is an inorganic coordination compound with the chemical formula K3[Fe(CN)6], ... read more
Potassium Hydroxide (Caustic Potash)
Potassium hydroxide, widely known by its common name caustic potash and represented by the chemical ... read more
Potassium iodide is an inorganic salt compound with the chemical formula KI, appearing as white crys... read more
Potassium metabisulfite is an inorganic sulphur compound with the chemical formula K2S2O5, appearing... read more
Potassium permanganate is a powerful inorganic oxidising agent with the chemical formula KMnO4, appe... read more
Potassium persulfate is an inorganic oxidising salt compound with the chemical formula K2S2O8, appea... read more
Potassium sulfide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula K2S, appearing as yellow-brown ... read more
Potassium thiocyanate is a chemical compound used in certain fine-grain photographic developers as a... read more
Power focus is a camera focusing system that adjusts the lens automatically using an electric motor ... read more
Power reduction is a flash photography mode that allows the photographer to lower the output of a fl... read more
PPI, or pixels per inch, is a measurement of digital image resolution that indicates how many indivi... read more
PQ developer is a type of black-and-white photographic developer that combines the developing agents... read more
A pre soak is a preparatory step in photographic processing where film or photographic paper is imme... read more
A prehardener is a chemical solution applied to photographic film or paper to strengthen the gelatin... read more
A prescan is a quick, low-resolution scan of an image performed before a full, high-resolution scan.... read more
In photographic processing, a preservative is a chemical added to developing solutions to prevent th... read more
Preset focus shooting is a photographic technique where the cameras focus is manually set to a prede... read more
A press focus lever is a feature found on many large-format cameras with between-the-lens shutters. ... read more
In the context of transmitted light and digital imaging, the primary colours are the three additive ... read more
The principal axis is an imaginary straight line that passes through the centre of curvature of all ... read more
Principal planes are imaginary lines that pass through the nodal planes of a lens system, representi... read more
The principal point is a specific reference point from which a lenss focal length is measured. In a ... read more
In photography, a print is an image, typically a positive, produced by exposing light-sensitive pape... read more
A printer is a computer peripheral used to produce physical copies of digital images or data files. ... read more
Printing in photography is the process of producing one or more images on paper or other suitable ma... read more
Printing in is a darkroom technique used to control local shading in photographic prints. It involve... read more
A prism is a transparent optical medium, usually made of glass or plastic, that can bend (refract) l... read more
A process lens is a specialized lens system designed for high-precision copying and reproduction of ... read more
Processing in photography refers to the series of chemical and physical steps that transform a laten... read more
A program back is a removable camera back for the film chamber that adds advanced features and autom... read more
Program exposure is a fully automatic camera mode in which both the aperture and shutter speed are s... read more
Program shift is a feature in program exposure mode that allows photographers to alter the aperture ... read more
A progressive CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) is a type of digital imaging sensor specifically designed ... read more
Progressive scan is a display and video system where each frame is drawn sequentially, line by line,... read more
Projection cutting is a photographic printing technique in which an image is optically projected ont... read more
A projector is an optical device used to display enlarged images, whether still photographs, slides,... read more
A proportional reducer is a chemical solution used in photographic processing to reduce excess densi... read more
Protective toning is a photographic process applied to black-and-white prints to increase their arch... read more
A proxy image is a low-resolution version of a digital image used in software applications to previe... read more
Pull processing is a film development technique used to decrease the effective speed of a photograph... read more
Pulling is a photographic technique in which the normal ISO speed of a film is deliberately lowered,... read more
Push processing is a film development technique in which the development time is extended to compens... read more
Pushing is a photographic technique in which the normal ISO speed of a film is intentionally increas... read more
Pyro is a chemical reducing agent occasionally used in photographic developers to convert exposed si... read more
Portrait photography is centered on capturing the personality, mood, and essence of a subject. Unlik... read more
Product photography is centered on visually showcasing items for commercial use, from online stores ... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
In physics and photography, a quantum is the smallest indivisible unit of radiant energy, commonly a... read more
Quarterplate refers to a photographic negative or print format measuring 31/4 x 41/4 inches, which i... read more
A quartz iodine lamp is a compact tungsten filament lamp designed to provide stable light output, ma... read more
In computing and digital imaging, a queue refers to the line or sequence of tasks, events, or data w... read more
A quick-release platform is a convenient feature on many tripods that allows a camera to be attached... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
RAW Converter is a software tool or feature in photo-editing programs that transforms RAW image file... read more
Rack and pinion focusing is a mechanical focusing system commonly used on copying cameras, large-for... read more
Radiography is a technique that uses X-rays, gamma rays, or charged particles to create shadow image... read more
RAM is a type of computer memory used to temporarily store data that the operating system and softwa... read more
A rangefinder is an optical device used to determine the distance to a subject for accurate focusing... read more
Rapid fixer is a fast-acting photographic fixing solution used to make developed images permanent by... read more
The rapid rectilinear is a lens system composed of two matching doublet lenses arranged symmetricall... read more
Raw mode is a camera setting in which images are captured in their unprocessed, "raw" state directly... read more
Rayographs are a type of photographic image created without a camera, a term coined by Man Ray and h... read more
RC paper, or resin-coated photographic paper, is printing paper that features a plastic or resin coa... read more
Rear curtain sync is a flash photography technique in which the flash fires just before the second (... read more
Rear focus is a photographic term that refers to the area behind the main subject that remains in fo... read more
A rear focusing system is a lens design in which only the rear lens group moves to achieve focus, ra... read more
In photography, a rebate refers to the unexposed areas surrounding the images recorded on a film str... read more
A reboot is the process of turning a computer system, peripheral, or printer off and then back on ag... read more
Reciprocity failure occurs when the reciprocity law of photography no longer holds at extreme exposu... read more
The reciprocity law in photography describes the inverse relationship between aperture and shutter s... read more
A reconstituted image is a photograph created by translating light from a subject into electronic si... read more
A rectilinear lens is a type of ultrawide-angle lens designed to reproduce straight lines accurately... read more
Recycling time refers to the time required for a flash unit to recharge its capacitor and be ready f... read more
Red eye is a common photographic effect that occurs when light from a flash unit reflects off the bl... read more
Red eye reduction is a camera feature or technique designed to minimize the red-eye effect caused wh... read more
A reducer is a chemical solution used in photographic processing to decrease the density of a develo... read more
Reducers are chemical solutions used in photographic processing to remove silver from negatives or p... read more
A reducing agent is a chemical component in photographic developers that converts exposed silver hal... read more
Reflected light is the light that bounces off a subject rather than coming directly from a source. I... read more
A reflected light reading is an exposure measurement taken from the cameras position, with the meter... read more
A reflecting telescope is an optical instrument that uses a concave parabolic mirror to gather and f... read more
Reflections are the rays of light that strike a surface and bounce back. They play a crucial role in... read more
A reflector is any surface or material from which light can bounce back. In photography, reflectors ... read more
A reflex camera is a camera system that uses a mirror to reflect incoming light from the lens onto a... read more
A reflex lens, also known as a mirror lens, is a type of photographic lens that uses mirrors instead... read more
Refraction is the bending or change in direction of light rays as they pass from one transparent med... read more
The refractive index is a numerical value that measures how much a medium, such as glass or water, b... read more
Refresh rate refers to the number of times per second that a display or monitor redraws an image, me... read more
In photography and printing, register refers to the precise alignment of multiple images, layers, or... read more
A register punch is a tool used in photography and printing to create small alignment holes in film,... read more
Registration marks are small crosshairs or symbols placed on film, paper, or digital layers to help ... read more
Rehalogenization is the chemical process in which black metallic silver in photographic film or pape... read more
Relative aperture refers to the ratio of a lens’s diaphragm opening (the measurable diameter of the ... read more
Relative brightness is a measure of how effectively binoculars or optical devices perform in low-lig... read more
A remote control for a projector is a device used to operate a slide or digital projector from a dis... read more
A removable drive is a portable storage device that uses cartridges or disks to hold data, allowing ... read more
Removable media refers to portable storage devices, such as CompactFlash, SmartMedia, or MemoryStick... read more
A replenisher is a chemical solution used to top up and maintain partially used photographic process... read more
Replenishment is the process of adding fresh chemicals to a photographic processing solution to main... read more
Resampling is a digital image process, also known as interpolation, in which pixels are added or rem... read more
Resin coated (RC) paper is a type of photographic printing paper that features a water-repellent res... read more
A resist is a protective, removable layer applied to a surface in the form of a pattern or image to ... read more
Re-sizing is the process of changing the physical dimensions of a digital image without altering its... read more
Resolution refers to the amount of detail a digital camera can capture, determined by the total numb... read more
Resolving power is the ability of the human eye, a camera lens, or photographic emulsion to distingu... read more
A restrainer is a chemical component in photographic developing solutions that prevents reducing age... read more
Reticulation is a distinctive, crazed pattern that can appear on the surface of photographic negativ... read more
Retouching is the process of making selective corrections or enhancements to a photographic negative... read more
Retrofocus is a lens design in which a negative lens element is placed in front of the diaphragm and... read more
Reversal film, also known as slide film, is a type of photographic film that produces positive image... read more
Reversal materials are photographic films or papers specifically designed to produce a positive imag... read more
RGB stands for Red, Green, and Blue-the three primary additive colours used in digital imaging to cr... read more
Rimlighting is a photographic lighting technique in which the subject appears outlined or highlighte... read more
A ring flash is a circular electronic flash unit that attaches around the front of a camera lens. It... read more
A rinse is a brief wash of photographic film, paper, or prints in clean water between different step... read more
A Raster Image Processor (RIP) is specialized software used with high-end PostScript printers to pre... read more
A rising front is a feature commonly found on large-format cameras that allows the lens to be moved ... read more
Rods are light-sensitive receptor cells located in the retina at the back of the human eye. Unlike c... read more
Roll film refers to photographic film supplied in rolls rather than sheets, typically including form... read more
A roll film adaptor is a specially designed attachment that allows cameras built for sheet or cut fi... read more
A rollfilm back is an adaptor that attaches to the rear of a large-format or medium-format camera, e... read more
ROM, or Read Only Memory, is a type of computer memory that stores data permanently and cannot be mo... read more
A roof prism is a design used in binoculars that allows for a straight-tubed, streamlined body, maki... read more
A royalty is a payment made to the owner of a patent, copyright, or other intellectual property in e... read more
The rule of thirds is a fundamental composition guideline in photography that divides the frame into... read more
Real estate photography highlights residential or commercial properties for sale, lease, or marketin... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Skin AI refers to the use of artificial intelligence to analyse and enhance skin tones and textures ... read more
Sky Changer AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to replace or enhance the sky in photogra... read more
Studio Backdrop AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to simulate professional studio backg... read more
Stray Fur Removal AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to automatically detect and remove ... read more
The Sabattier effect, also known as pseudo-solarization, is a photographic phenomenon in which an im... read more
A safelight is a filtered light used in a darkroom to provide illumination while handling light-sens... read more
Safety film refers to photographic film that has a base made from non-flammable materials, typically... read more
Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride, is a chemical compound used in certain high-speed photographic d... read more
Salted paper printing is one of the earliest photographic printing techniques, invented by William H... read more
Sandwiching is a photographic technique where two or more negatives or film positives are combined t... read more
Saturated colour refers to a strong, rich, and vibrant colour that appears intense and full of depth... read more
Saturation is a measure of the intensity or strength of colour within a photograph. Highly saturated... read more
Scale refers to the linear relationship between the actual size of a subject and the size of its rec... read more
Scan time refers to the total amount of time required to convert text, photographs, or graphical inf... read more
A scanner is a computer peripheral device that converts physical items such as photographic prints, ... read more
Scanner threshold is a setting that determines whether a scanned pixel is recorded as black or white... read more
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a specialised scientific device used in photomicrography to ... read more
A Schumann plate is a photographic plate coated with a specialised emulsion containing very little g... read more
A scratch disk is a temporary storage area on a computer’s hard drive or SSD that is used as virtual... read more
Screen frequency refers to the number of rows of halftone dots per inch in a printed image, commonly... read more
A screen plate is a photographic plate used in early additive colour photography, where separate col... read more
Screen resolution refers to the number of pixels arranged in a rectangular grid on a computer or dev... read more
Screening is the process of converting a continuous-tone image, such as a photograph, into a halfton... read more
A scrim is a lighting accessory used in photography and film that is placed in front of a light sour... read more
Scrolling is a computer interface feature that allows users to move through digital content, such as... read more
SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)
SCSI (pronounced "skuzzy") is a standard interface used to connect external peripherals, such as har... read more
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM)
SDRAM, or Synchronous Dynamic RAM, is a type of computer memory used in PCs that operates faster tha... read more
Second curtain sync is a camera flash synchronisation mode found on more advanced SLR and DSLR camer... read more
Secondary colours are colours created by mixing two of the three primary colours (red, green, and bl... read more
Selective focusing is a photographic technique in which the lens aperture and shutter speed are adju... read more
Selenium is a light-sensitive material that generates an electrical current when exposed to light, p... read more
A selenium cell is a light-sensitive device used in many types of photographic exposure meters. It g... read more
A self timer is a camera mechanism that delays the opening of the shutter for a preset number of sec... read more
Self toning paper is an early photographic paper coated with silver chloride that was used for conta... read more
In photography, sensitive material refers to any substance that reacts to the actinic (or light-sens... read more
Sensitivity in photography refers to the degree to which a photographic emulsion responds to light e... read more
A sensitometer is an instrument used to give a photographic emulsion a series of controlled exposure... read more
Sensitometry is the scientific study of how photographic materials respond to exposure and developme... read more
Separation images are produced by capturing photographs on materials or with equipment that is sensi... read more
Separation negatives are black-and-white negatives, usually produced in sets of three or four, captu... read more
A serial interface is a type of computer connection that allows peripheral devices-such as a mouse, ... read more
A serial port is a computer interface used to communicate with external devices such as modems, mice... read more
Serial transfer refers to the process of connecting a digital camera to a computer via a serial port... read more
A server is a powerful computer with large storage capacity, used to manage and store files that can... read more
A service bureau is a business that specialises in producing high-quality output from digital files ... read more
Shading is a photographic technique used during printing to selectively block light from reaching sp... read more
Shadow detail refers to the information or texture visible in the darkest areas of a photograph. Cap... read more
In photography, shadows are the darkest areas of an image, where little or no light reaches the subj... read more
Sharpen edges is an image editing technique used to enhance the definition of an object’s boundaries... read more
Sheet film is a type of light-sensitive photographic film designed to be loaded into individual shee... read more
Shelf life is the length of time that unused photographic materials or chemicals remain effective an... read more
Shellac is a natural resin with a low melting point, commonly used in photographic processes such as... read more
A shift camera is a type of camera commonly used in architectural photography, featuring a wide-angl... read more
A shift lens, also known as a Perspective Control (PC) lens, is designed to move vertically or horiz... read more
SHTML - Server Side Includes (SSIs)
SHTML is a file extension used for web pages that contain Server Side Includes (SSIs). These are spe... read more
A shutter is a mechanical or electronic system in a camera that controls the duration of time light ... read more
A shutter priority camera is a semi-automatic camera that lets the photographer manually select the ... read more
Shutter priority exposure is an automatic camera mode in which the photographer selects the shutter ... read more
The shutter release is the button on a camera, usually located on the right-hand side, that activate... read more
Shutter speed refers to the duration for which a camera’s shutter remains open, controlling the amou... read more
Side lighting occurs when a light source illuminates the subject from the side relative to the camer... read more
In digital photography, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measures the proportion of useful image info... read more
A silhouette is a photographic image in which the subject appears as a solid black shape against a b... read more
Silicon release paper is a thin, heat-resistant interleaving paper used in photographic and print pr... read more
A silk print is an image produced on silk fabric using diazo or dye-based printing methods. This tec... read more
Silkscreen is a printing method in which ink is applied to paper, fabric, or other materials through... read more
Silver dye bleach material is a type of integral tripack photographic material used in colour printi... read more
Silver halides are light-sensitive crystals, such as silver bromide, silver chloride, and silver iod... read more
Silver nitrate is a chemical compound formed from silver and nitric acid, widely used in photographi... read more
Silver reclamation is the process of recovering silver from exhausted photographic solutions, such a... read more
Silver recovery refers to the process of reclaiming silver from used or exhausted photographic solut... read more
Silver salts are chemical compounds that contain silver combined with other elements, such as halide... read more
Simm (Single In-line Memory Module)
A SIMM is a type of computer memory module that contains a series of memory chips on a small circuit... read more
Simultaneous contrast is a visual effect in which the perception of a colour is influenced by the co... read more
A Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera is a type of 35mm or medium format camera in which a system of mir... read more
Single Servo AF is an autofocus mode in which the camera locks focus on a subject when the shutter r... read more
Sizing is a very dilute, gluey substance applied to a surface to prepare it for coating or printing.... read more
In printing or scanning, skew refers to the slight misalignment of a page or image, where the conten... read more
A sky filter is an older photographic term for a filter with a graduated density across its surface.... read more
A sky shade is another term for a lens hood, a device attached to the front of a camera lens to bloc... read more
A slave unit is a flash accessory, also called a slave cell, that triggers an additional flash remot... read more
A slide is a photographic term used to describe a projection transparency, typically a positive imag... read more
A slide dissolve is a photographic projection technique similar to a fade, but it involves two proje... read more
A slide fade is a projection feature that gradually reduces the lamp output, causing the image to sl... read more
Slide preview is a feature found on some slide projectors that includes a small, diffused viewing pa... read more
Slide show mode is a feature on digital cameras that automatically displays recorded images in seque... read more
A slide tray is a device, also known as a magazine or holder, used to organise and feed slides into ... read more
A slit shutter is a narrow vertical opening placed either just in front of the film emulsion or at a... read more
A slot is an expansion interface found in computers, notebooks, and other electronic devices. It all... read more
Slow film is photographic film with a low sensitivity to light, typically rated at ISO 50 or lower. ... read more
A slow lens is a camera lens that has a relatively small maximum aperture, such as f/8, limiting the... read more
Slow sync is a photographic flash technique that combines flash with a slow shutter speed. When shoo... read more
An SLR (single-lens reflex) camera is designed for enthusiasts or photographers who value accuracy a... read more
SmartMedia is a type of removable memory card used in digital cameras, mobile phones, and MP3 player... read more
Smoothing is a digital image editing technique that works by averaging pixels with their neighbourin... read more
Snapshot is a photographic term with a colourful etymological history that predates photography itse... read more
A snoot is a cone or tube shaped light modifier that fits over the front of a studio flash head, con... read more
Sodium bichromate, also correctly designated by its systematic chemical name sodium dichromate and r... read more
Sodium bisulfite, also known as sodium hydrogen sulfite and represented by the chemical formula NaHS... read more
Sodium carbonate is an inorganic alkaline compound with the chemical formula Na2CO3, commonly known ... read more
Sodium chloride is an inorganic ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, universally familiar ... read more
Sodium hexametaphosphate is an inorganic polyphosphate compound with the formula (NaPO3)6, appearing... read more
Sodium hydrosulfite, also known by its systematic chemical name sodium dithionite and represented by... read more
Sodium hydroxide, widely known by its common names caustic soda and lye, is represented by the chemi... read more
Sodium metabisulfite is an inorganic sulphur compound with the chemical formula Na2S2O5, appearing a... read more
Sodium sulfide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2S, appearing as yellow to brick... read more
Sodium thiocyanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaSCN, appearing as white crys... read more
Sodium thiosulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2S2O3, most commonly encount... read more
A soft developer is a type of photographic paper developer formulated to produce a softer, lower con... read more
Soft focus is a photographic technique and aesthetic quality describing an image that has been inten... read more
A soft focus lens is a photographic lens that is deliberately designed with controlled, residual sph... read more
A softbox is a light modifier consisting of a rigid or collapsible box-shaped housing with a reflect... read more
Soft-edge masking is a digital image editing technique used to isolate a specific area or element of... read more
Software is the collective term for the programs, applications, and operating instructions that run ... read more
Solarization is a photographic phenomenon in which the tonal values of a photographic image undergo ... read more
Solubility is a fundamental physical and chemical property describing the ability of a substance - m... read more
Sound recording is a feature found on certain digital cameras that allows the photographer to captur... read more
A spacing bracket is a simple but practically useful mechanical accessory used in close-up and macro... read more
Spatial resolution is a fundamental measure of the ability of a photographic system - encompassing t... read more
Speckling is a digital image artefact characterised by the appearance of isolated, randomly distribu... read more
Spectral sensitivity is a fundamental characteristic of a photographic emulsion or digital image sen... read more
A spectrophotometer is a precision optical measurement instrument that analyses the spectral composi... read more
Spectrum in photography and optics usually refers to the visible portion of the electromagnetic spec... read more
Speed in photography refers to the sensitivity of a photographic emulsion to light, indicating how q... read more
Spherical aberration is an optical lens fault that occurs when light rays passing through the outer ... read more
A spirit level is a tool used in photography to ensure that a camera or tripod head is perfectly hor... read more
SPOOL (Save Printing Operation On Line)
SPOOL, short for Save Printing Operation On Line, is a computer process that temporarily stores prin... read more
Sports scene mode is an automatic exposure setting found on many digital cameras that is specificall... read more
A spot meter is a specialised light meter that measures exposure from a very narrow area, typically ... read more
A spotlight is an artificial lighting device commonly used in photography, film, and theatre to prod... read more
Spotting is a photographic retouching technique used to correct small imperfections on prints, such ... read more
Sprocket holes are the small perforations found along both edges of 35mm photographic film. These ev... read more
A squeegee is a photographic and printing tool that typically features a rubber blade or roller, use... read more
S-RAM (Static Random Access Memory) is a type of computer memory known for its speed and reliability... read more
sRGB is a standardised RGB colour space that was developed to provide a consistent way of representi... read more
Stabilization in photography is a chemical process used to fix photographic materials after exposure... read more
A stabilizer is a chemical solution used in the final stages of colour photographic processing. Its ... read more
A staining developer is a type of photographic developer in which the chemical oxidation products no... read more
A stand is another term for a tripod, a three-legged support used to stabilise cameras during photog... read more
A stand camera is a type of large-format camera that is usually mounted on a rigid, fixed stand rath... read more
A standard lens is a photographic lens with a focal length approximately equal to the diagonal of th... read more
Static marks are irregular, jagged patterns or fog-like lines that can appear on photographic negati... read more
A step wedge is a photographic tool consisting of a series of graduated density steps, ranging from ... read more
A stereo camera is a specialized photographic device designed to capture three-dimensional images by... read more
A stereoscopic camera is a type of camera specifically designed to capture simultaneous images of th... read more
Stereoscopy is a photographic and visual technique used to create the illusion of three-dimensional ... read more
Still life refers to a style or method of photography in which inanimate objects are carefully arran... read more
Still video refers to an early type of electronic camera, developed by companies such as Canon and S... read more
Stock photography refers to images that are taken and submitted to a picture library or stock agency... read more
A stock solution in photography refers to a pre-prepared chemical mixture that has been diluted with... read more
In photography, a stop refers to the setting of an aperture on a camera or enlarging lens that contr... read more
A stop bath is a chemical solution used in photographic processing to halt the action of the develop... read more
Stop down metering is a method of through-the-lens (TTL) light measurement in which the camera measu... read more
Stopping down refers to the process of reducing the size of a camera lens aperture, which limits the... read more
A storage card is a removable memory device used in digital cameras as an alternative to film for st... read more
Straight photography is a style of photography that emphasizes capturing subjects as they appear in ... read more
Stress marks are visible black lines or streaks on photographic film or paper, caused by friction, p... read more
A strobe light is a type of electronic flash that emits short, intense bursts of light at regular, c... read more
A studio camera refers to a large-format camera, often with a 12 x 15 inch film or plate size, mount... read more
A stylus is a hand-held tool used on a graphic input tablet or touchscreen device to interact with a... read more
A sub-miniature camera is a type of camera that uses a film format smaller than 35mm, making it high... read more
Subbing refers to a preparatory layer applied to a photographic support, such as glass, film, or pap... read more
In photography, the subject refers to the main object, person, scene, or element that is being captu... read more
Subjective photography refers to a style of photography in which the photographer’s personal interpr... read more
Subsampling is a digital imaging process in which a lower-resolution image is derived from a higher-... read more
Substantive film is a type of colour photographic film in which the colour couplers are integrated d... read more
Subtractive colour processes are methods used in colour printing and photography that rely on the pr... read more
Subtractive primaries are the three colours-yellow, magenta, and cyan-used in subtractive colour pro... read more
Subtractive synthesis is a colour reproduction method used in modern photographic materials and prin... read more
Successive colour contrast is a visual phenomenon in which the perception of a colour is influenced ... read more
Sulfide toning is a photographic process in which a black-and-white silver image is chemically conve... read more
Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive and strong chemical widely used in photographic processing, part... read more
Sunset scene mode is a specialized automatic exposure setting found on many modern digital cameras, ... read more
Super Uniform Fine Grain is a proprietary film technology developed by Fujifilm for their Nexia APS ... read more
Superimpose is a photographic and digital imaging technique in which one image or element is placed ... read more
Supper coat refers to the topmost layer applied over a photographic emulsion, typically composed of ... read more
A supplementary lens is an optical accessory, also commonly referred to as a close-up lens, that is ... read more
Surface development is a photographic process in which the image initially forms mainly on the surfa... read more
Surge marks are streaks or lines that appear on a photographic image, caused by the sprocket holes o... read more
Surrealism was originally an artistic movement that emerged in the early 1920s, focusing on unlockin... read more
SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) Resolution
SVGA, or Super Video Graphics Array, is a display and imaging standard that provides a resolution of... read more
Swing back and swing front are photographic terms that refer to the movable panels of the lens and b... read more
A swivel head is a feature found on many electronic flashguns, allowing the flash head to rotate thr... read more
Symmetry in photography refers to the balanced arrangement of visual elements, patterns, or shapes o... read more
A sync lead is a cable used to connect a flashgun to a camera, allowing the flash to fire precisely ... read more
Synchro sunlight is a photographic technique that combines natural daylight with artificial flash to... read more
Synchronized flash is a photographic technique in which the duration of the flash is coordinated wit... read more
Synchro-sun is a photographic technique that combines natural sunlight with flash lighting, using th... read more
A synthetic profile is an ICC (International Color Consortium) profile created in software such as P... read more
Sports photography captures athletes in motion, from professional competitions to amateur events. It... read more
Surreal photography creates dreamlike or fantastical imagery that challenges reality and perception.... read more
Scientific photography documents subjects for research, analysis, and educational purposes. It can i... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Tattoo Remover AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to detect and remove tattoos from phot... read more
Teeth Fixer AI is an artificial intelligence tool designed to enhance the appearance of teeth in pho... read more
In photography, T (Time) is a shutter speed setting used for timed exposures that are longer than th... read more
T Grain technology is the name for Kodak’s advanced film emulsion system used in all Kodak APS films... read more
T stops are a photographic measurement that provides a more accurate representation of the light act... read more
A tablet, often referred to as a graphics tablet, is an input device that allows photographers, digi... read more
A tacking iron is a heated tool used in photographic mounting to temporarily adhere part of dry moun... read more
In photography, tanks are containers used to hold chemical solutions for processing films and photog... read more
Tanning development refers to a type of photographic development process in which the developer crea... read more
A technical camera is another name for a view camera, a type of large or monorail camera that allows... read more
A teleconverter is a lens accessory that fits between a camera body and its lens to increase the eff... read more
A telephoto lens is a type of camera lens designed with a compact construction that provides a long ... read more
A tempering bath is a tank or tray filled with temperature-controlled air or water, used to hold pro... read more
A terabyte (TB) is a unit of digital information storage equivalent to exactly 1,099,511,627,776 byt... read more
The Tessar lens is a renowned German lens design created by Zeiss, known for its sharpness, compact ... read more
A test strip is a photographic tool used for the trial-and-error method of determining the correct e... read more
In photography, texture refers broadly to the surface character or visual detail of an object. It en... read more
A texture screen is a transparent film or glass printed with a fine background pattern, used in phot... read more
TFT, or Thin-Film Transistor, refers to a type of high-quality colour liquid crystal display (LCD) t... read more
Thermography is a photographic technique that records images based on the heat radiated from a subje... read more
A thick negative is an old photographic term used to describe a dense or heavily exposed negative. T... read more
A thin negative is a historical photographic term used to describe a negative that lacks density, ap... read more
A thumbnail image is a small, postage-stamp-sized version of a larger image that is directly linked ... read more
Thumbnail view is a feature found on many digital cameras that allows stored images to be displayed ... read more
A thyristor flash gun is an automatic type of electronic flash that cuts off the flash output once t... read more
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
TIFF, or Tagged Image File Format, is a high-quality, lossless file format commonly used in digital ... read more
Tiling is a photographic and printing technique used to reproduce a large image by breaking it into ... read more
In photography, time and temperature are the critical factors that control chemical processing of fi... read more
Time exposure is a photographic technique that refers to any exposure longer than the camera’s stand... read more
Time lapse photography is a technique used to record chemical, physical, or natural changes in a sub... read more
In photography, a timer is a device or clock used to control the duration of chemical processing, ex... read more
Tinting is the photographic process of applying colour tints, typically using dyes or paints, to an ... read more
A TLR, or twin-lens reflex camera, is a type of camera that uses two lenses of the same focal length... read more
In Photoshop, tolerance defines the range of colour or brightness values that are considered similar... read more
Tomography is a radiographic imaging technique used in medical photography to create detailed cross-... read more
In photography, tone refers to the range and strength of grays between pure white and pure black in ... read more
A tone curve is a graph used in digital photography to display the tonal range of an image, showing ... read more
The tone line process is a photographic technique used to reproduce an image so that it resembles a ... read more
Tone separation is a photographic process that reduces the tonal range of an image to a very limited... read more
In photography, tone values refer to the various shades of gray between the extremes of black and wh... read more
Toning is a darkroom technique used to alter the black areas of a black-and-white photograph to a ch... read more
In Photoshop, the toolbox is the floating palette that contains the essential tools for selecting, e... read more
Top level domains (TLDs) are the suffixes at the end of a website address that indicate its purpose,... read more
Transfer processes are methods used to move a photographic image from one surface to another, often ... read more
Transfer rate is the speed at which data can be transmitted between devices or storage media, typica... read more
In photography, transmission refers to the passage of light through a transparent or translucent mat... read more
Transmittance is the fraction of light that successfully passes through a material or object. In pho... read more
Transmitted light is light that passes through a transparent or translucent medium. The amount of li... read more
A transparency is a positive image on film that directly represents the scene captured, showing the ... read more
A transparency adaptor, sometimes called a transparency hood, is an accessory for flatbed scanners t... read more
A transparency scanner is an optical input device used to digitize images from small-format positive... read more
A transparent magnetic layer is an information storage layer built into Advanced Photo System (APS) ... read more
A transposing frame is a specialized tool used in printing pairs of stereoscopic negatives captured ... read more
Trap focus is an autofocusing mode introduced by Yashica, where the photographer prefocuses the came... read more
Tray development is a photographic processing method in which film or prints are developed in open t... read more
Tri-colour filters are photographic filters that allow light in three primary colours-red, green, an... read more
The Trichrome Carbro Process is a photographic method for producing full-colour prints from separati... read more
In photography, a trigger refers to a device or mechanism used to release a camera’s shutter. It can... read more
A tripack is a photographic film construction that consists of three emulsion layers, each with diff... read more
Triple extension is a camera system where the lens-to-film distance can be extended up to three time... read more
A triplet lens is an optical design consisting of three elements: a diverging lens placed between tw... read more
A tripod is a three-legged support used to stabilize a camera, ensuring steady and blur-free images.... read more
A tripod mount is a threaded connection on the base of most cameras that allows the camera to be sec... read more
Tri-stimulus values refer to the amounts of the three primary colours-red, green, and blue (R, G, an... read more
True Colour refers to a 24-bit colour mode capable of producing up to 16.7 million distinct colours,... read more
The T-setting, or Time setting, is a feature found on some older cameras that allows the shutter to ... read more
TTL (Through-the-Lens) Metering
TTL (Through-the-Lens) metering is a camera feature that measures the light passing directly through... read more
A tungsten filament is an artificial light source that uses a tungsten wire enclosed within a glass ... read more
A tungsten halogen lamp is an enhanced version of the traditional tungsten filament light. It is sma... read more
Tungsten light refers to illumination produced by standard incandescent lamps, such as room lamps or... read more
Tungsten light film is a type of photographic film specifically balanced for the warm colour tempera... read more
TV mode, short for Time Value, is a camera exposure setting more commonly known as shutter priority ... read more
TWAIN (Toolkit Without An Interesting Name!)
TWAIN is a software protocol that allows imaging programs, such as Photoshop, to communicate with sc... read more
Tweening is a digital imaging process that involves interpolating or creating intermediate values be... read more
Twilight factor is a measure of the brightness performance of binoculars, especially in low-light co... read more
A Twin Lens Reflex (TLR) camera features two lenses of the same focal length: one for viewing and fo... read more
Two bath development is a photographic process in which negatives are developed in two separate stag... read more
Type A film is a colour photographic film specifically balanced for artificial light sources with a ... read more
Type B film is a colour photographic film balanced for artificial light sources with a colour temper... read more
Type D film is an older, now largely obsolete, photographic term referring to film balanced for dayl... read more
A tilt-shift lens is a specialized camera lens that allows photographers to control perspective and ... read more
Travel photography documents locations, cultures, and experiences worldwide, often blending elements... read more
Time-Lapse / Long Exposure Photography
Time-lapse and long-exposure photography focus on capturing the passage of time or movement that is ... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Ultrasonic image recording is a technique that forms images by measuring ultrasound echoes and elect... read more
Ultraviolet (UV) refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths from approxi... read more
Under development refers to a photographic negative or print that has received less development than... read more
Underexposure occurs when a photograph receives too little light during capture or enlargement, resu... read more
A unipod, also known as a monopod, is a single-legged camera support that provides stability similar... read more
A universal developer is a type of photographic developing solution that can be used for both films ... read more
An unsharp mask is a digital or optical filter that enhances the apparent sharpness of an image by i... read more
In Photoshop, an untagged image refers to a file that does not contain an embedded ICC colour profil... read more
An upgrade refers to improving some aspect of a computer system, which can include updating software... read more
Uploading is the process of sending a file from a computer to a remote device or service, such as a ... read more
Uprating is a photographic technique used to increase the effective sensitivity of a film. By manual... read more
Uranium nitrate is a chemical compound historically used in photographic toners and developers to al... read more
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
A URL, or Uniform Resource Locator, is a string of letters, numbers, and symbols that identifies and... read more
USB, or Universal Serial Bus, is a peripheral connector standard that allows devices such as printer... read more
USB 2.0 (Universal Serial Bus)
USB 2.0 is an updated version of the original USB standard that maintains the same physical connecto... read more
A UV filter is a colourless photographic filter designed to absorb ultraviolet light, which can caus... read more
UV, or ultra-violet, refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths below 39... read more
Underwater photography documents marine life, underwater landscapes, and human interactions beneath ... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A vacuum back is a camera accessory that uses a perforated plate and a pump to draw air, holding a s... read more
A vacuum easel is a compact printing frame that ensures firm contact between the film and photograph... read more
Van Dyke Brown is a photographic printing process named for the warm brown tones it produces, remini... read more
A vanishing point is the point in a perspective drawing or photograph where parallel lines appear to... read more
A vapor discharge lamp is a light source in which an electrical current passes through a vapor or ga... read more
Variable contrast paper is a type of photographic printing paper that allows the contrast of the fin... read more
A variable focus lens, also known as a zoom lens, is a lens whose focal length can be continually ad... read more
Variable power output is a lighting control feature that allows photographers to fine-tune the inten... read more
In photography, a veil refers to a uniformly distributed silver deposit on a photographic image that... read more
VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association)
VESA, or Video Electronics Standards Association, is an industry group that sets standards for video... read more
VGA (Video Graphics Array) Resolution
VGA resolution refers to a display or camera CCD resolution of 640×480 pixels. It was one of the ear... read more
Video capture refers to the process of recording moving images using digital cameras that have a seq... read more
Video Out indicates a camera’s ability to connect to a television for viewing captured images or foo... read more
A video still camera is a type of camera that uses an electronic charge-coupled device (CCD) to capt... read more
A view camera is a medium or large format camera that uses a ground glass screen at the film plane t... read more
A viewfinder is the part of a camera that a photographer looks through to frame and compose an image... read more
In photography, the viewpoint refers to the position or angle from which a photograph is taken. It d... read more
A vignette is a photographic effect where the edges of an image gradually fade to black or white. Th... read more
Vinyl film is a type of photographic film with an emulsion coating on a polyvinyl chloride acetate b... read more
Virtual memory is a computer system technique where disk space on a hard drive is used and identifie... read more
A virus is a part of a computer program that can automatically duplicate itself, often causing damag... read more
A viscose sponge is a synthetic sponge used in photographic processing to remove excess water from f... read more
Viscous processing is a photographic technique that uses chemicals carried in sticky, semi-fluid sub... read more
A volt is the unit of electrical potential difference and electromotive force. It measures the energ... read more
A voltage stabilizer is a transformer designed to maintain a steady output voltage despite fluctuati... read more
A vortograph is an abstract photograph created using a simple kaleidoscopic apparatus, producing mul... read more
VRAM (Video Random Access Memory)
VRAM, or Video Random Access Memory, is a type of memory built into a computer’s graphics card that ... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A waist level finder is a type of camera viewfinder commonly found on vintage collectible cameras an... read more
Warm colours are hues that evoke a sense of warmth and energy, typically including red, orange, and ... read more
A warm tone refers to a black and white photographic print that has a brownish or sepia-like hue. Th... read more
A warm tone developer is a photographic developer used with chlorobromide papers to produce image to... read more
Washing is the final stage of photographic processing, used to remove residual chemicals and soluble... read more
A water bath is a large container filled with water, used to maintain photographic processing trays,... read more
Water softeners are devices used to remove minerals and salts from hard water. In photographic proce... read more
A waterproof body is a camera design that includes seals to prevent water from entering through join... read more
Waterproof paper, also known as resin-coated (RC) paper, is a type of photographic paper designed wi... read more
The Watkins factor is an older system of development control in photography, which relies on observi... read more
A watt is a unit of power, defined as one joule of energy transferred per second. It measures the ra... read more
The waxed paper process is an early photographic technique and a variation of the calotype process. ... read more
In photography, a weak negative or print is one that is low in contrast or density. Such images ofte... read more
Web optimization in photography refers to reducing the file size of images or graphics so they can b... read more
Web safe colours are a set of 216 colours that display accurately and consistently across all intern... read more
A wedge spectrogram is a method used to indicate the spectral sensitivity of a photosensitive materi... read more
Wet collodion is an improved photographic process developed by Frederick Scott Archer as an advancem... read more
Wet processing refers to the traditional method of developing photographs by applying chemicals in f... read more
A wetting agent is a detergent-type solution applied after a film’s final wash to reduce the surface... read more
White balance is the process of adjusting the colours in a photograph to ensure that whites appear n... read more
White light is a light source that contains a mixture of all visible wavelengths in the spectrum, pr... read more
White light control is a feature on a colour enlarger that allows the photographer to remove all col... read more
Whole plate refers to a photographic negative or print format measuring 6½ x 8½ inches. This size wa... read more
A wide angle lens is a photographic lens with a wide field of view, covering more of the scene than ... read more
Wide area AF refers to an autofocus system where the detection area is larger than usual. This allow... read more
A wide-angle lens is a photographic lens with a short focal length, designed to capture a wider fiel... read more
A wood print is a photographic print created on a wood surface that has been specially prepared usin... read more
A working solution is a photographic processing chemical prepared at the strength required to develo... read more
WORM, which stands for Write Once Read Many, describes a type of storage device, such as CD-Rs, that... read more
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)
WYSIWYG, pronounced “wizzywig,” is a term describing a system in which the content displayed on a co... read more
Wedding photography is a highly specialized genre that captures one of the most significant days in ... read more
Wildlife photography captures animals in their natural habitats, emphasizing behavior, environment, ... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
X-rays are electromagnetic radiations with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet light. When passed t... read more
X-ray film is a specialized photographic film used for radiography. It has a thick emulsion coated o... read more
Xenon is a rare gas sometimes used in electronic flash tubes and enclosed arc light sources. It prod... read more
Xerography is a photographic process that uses an electrically charged metal plate to create images.... read more
Xography is a photographic system that produces prints and transparencies with a three-dimensional e... read more
X-Sync is the synchronization socket on a camera that triggers an attached electronic flash at the e... read more
XVGA (eXtra Video Graphics Array) Resolution
XVGA, or eXtra Video Graphics Array, refers to a display or camera resolution of 1024x768 pixels. Th... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Yaw free movements refer to a feature on large format cameras that allows the lens or film standard ... read more
Yellow is the colour formed by mixing red and green light. It is complementary to blue and is one of... read more
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A Zip drive is a reusable removable storage device capable of holding 100MB or 250MB of data. It was... read more
A zip file is a digital file that has been compressed using software such as DropStuff or WinZip. Co... read more
A zirconium lamp is a type of arc lamp commonly used in high-powered enlargers and projectors. It pr... read more
A zoetrope is an early device used to create the illusion of continuous motion. It consists of a rot... read more
Zone focusing is a method of setting a camera lens so that the depth of field extends over a presele... read more
The Zone System is a photographic method developed by Ansel Adams that evaluates subject brightness ... read more
A zoom head is a feature on an electronic flashgun that allows the flash coverage to be adjusted. It... read more
A zoom lens is a camera lens that offers a continuously variable focal length, typically without the... read more
A zoom lever is a control found on cameras with zoom lenses that allows the photographer to adjust t... read more
Zoom playback is a feature on some digital cameras that allows the preview image on the LCD panel to... read more