Perforations are precisely spaced holes punched along the edges of photographic film, primarily used in still cameras and motion picture film. These small holes serve as guides for accurate registration of each frame, ensuring that the film advances consistently and remains properly aligned during exposure and projection.
In addition to guiding frame placement, perforations also enable the mechanical movement of film through cameras and projectors. Properly spaced and maintained perforations are crucial for smooth film transport, sharp image capture, and reliable frame-to-frame consistency, making them a fundamental component in traditional photography and cinematography.